PANOPTIKON TEORİSİ ÇERÇEVESINDE 2022 SONRASI İRAN'DAKI HICAP YASAKLARI UYGULAMALARININ ANALİZİ: ÖRNEK VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Günümüz İran’ında gözetim teknolojilerinin genişlemesi, devletin vatandaşları üzerinde hassas ve sistematik bir kontrol uygulamasına olanak tanıyarak merkeziyetçi ve otoriter bir yönetim modelini pekiştirmektedir. Kadınların zorunlu hicaba karşı direnişine yanıt olarak İran hükümeti, yalnızca kadınların kıyafetlerini çeşitli toplumsal alanlarda denetlemekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda onların daha geniş sosyal özgürlüklerini de kısıtlayan katı yasal önlemler getirmiş ve bunları uygulamaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, İffet ve Hicap Yasası ve kamusal alanlardaki hicap denetleyicilerinin konuşlandırılması gibi politikalara içkin gözetim stratejilerini eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele almakta ve bunları Foucault’nun panoptisizm kuramı çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Bu vaka çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular, hicap düzenlemelerinin geniş kapsamlı denetimi ve uygulanmasının—ahlak polisi ya da devlet destekli denetleyiciler aracılığıyla—kadınların kimlik ve özdeğer duygusunu zayıflatarak yaygın bir öz-disiplin kültürüne yol açtığını göstermektedir. Daha geniş sosyo-politik çerçevede ele alındığında, bu zorlayıcı önlemler, sistematik tahakküm yoluyla toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı iktidar hiyerarşilerini pekiştiren kapsamlı bir disipliner aygıtın parçası olarak işlev görmektedir. Bu araştırma, İran’daki gözetim ve kontrol mekanizmalarının karmaşık yapısını ve bunların kadın hakları ile bireysel özerklik üzerindeki geniş kapsamlı etkilerini daha derinlemesine anlamaya katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zorunlu Hicap
• Panoptikon Teorisi
• Kadın Hakları
• Kadın Yaşam Özgürlük Hareketi
• İffet ve Hicap Yasası.

ANALYSIS OF HIJAB BAN PRACTICES IN IRAN AFTER 2022 IN TERMS OF PANOPTICON THEORY: A CASE STUDY

Abstract

In contemporary Iran, the expansion of surveillance technologies has enabled the state to exercise precise and systematic control over its citizens, reinforcing a centralized and authoritarian governance model. In response to the women's resistance against compulsory hijab, the Iranian government has introduced and enforced stringent legal measures that not only monitor women's dress across various social domains but also curtail their broader social freedoms. This study critically examines the surveillance strategies embedded in policies such as the Chastity and Hijab Bill and the deployment of hijab enforcers in public spaces, analyzing them through the lens of Foucault's panopticism. Findings from this case study suggest that the extensive monitoring and enforcement of hijab regulations—whether by morality police or state-sanctioned enforcers—undermine women's sense of identity and self-worth, leading to a pervasive culture of self-discipline. These coercive measures, when examined in the broader socio-political framework, appear to function as part of a comprehensive disciplinary apparatus designed to reinforce gendered power hierarchies through systemic domination. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms of surveillance and control in Iran and their far-reaching implications for women's rights and individual autonomy.

Keywords

• Compulsory Hijab
• Panoptic Theory
• Women’s Rights
• Women Life Freedom Movement
• The Chastity and Hijab Bill.

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