Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Abstract

Sığınmacı sayısındaki artış, küresel bir sığınma sözleşmesine olan ihtiyacı daha net şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Sığınmacılara kapıları kapatmak ve yükümlü-lükleri sığınmacı akınına yoğun olarak maruz kalan bölgelerdeki devletlere bı-rakmak, sorunun daha da büyümesine sebep olmaktadır. Cenevre Sözleşme-si’nde yer alan mülteci statüsüne ilişkin düzenlemeler, modern uluslararası top-lumda ortaya çıkan yeni sığınmacı tiplerini koruma dışında bırakmaktadır. Do-layısıyla kapsamlı bir sığınma sözleşmesine olan ihtiyaç günden güne artmak-tadır. Hem devletlerin çıkarlarının muhafaza edilmesine yardımcı olacak hem de sığınmacıların koruma elde etmesine imkân tanıyacak bir sözleşme, sığınmacı sorununu kesin çözüme ulaştıracak en önemli vasıta olacaktır. Çalışmada, etkili bir sığınma sözleşmesinde yer alması gereken temel hususlar incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda, sığınma hakkından faydalanacak kişilerin tespit edilmesi, geçici koruma ve geri dönüş mekanizmalarının oluşturulması, yüküm-lülük paylaşımı, denetim mekanizma ve yaptırımlar ile sözleşmenin güncelliği-ne yönelik gerçekleştirilecek forumlar, kritik önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• sığınma sözleşmesi
• yükümlülük paylaşımı
• sığınmacılar
• zulüm
• küresel mülteci mutabakatı

The Need of a Global Asylum Convention in International Law: Issues and Proposed Solutions

Abstract

The increase of the number of asylum seekers illustrates the need for a global asylum convention more clearly. Closing the borders to asylum seekers and leaving the obligations to states in regions that are heavily exposed to the influx of asylum seekers, further gravates the problem. The regulations regarding the refugee status included in the Geneva Convention exclude the new types of asylum seekers emerging in the modern international community. Hence, the need or a comprehensive asylum agreement is increasing day by day. A contract, which will both help the protection of the interests of states and allow asylum seekers to obtain protection, will be the key to resolve the refugee problem. The study will examine the main issues that should be included in an effective asylum agreement. In this context, it is critical to identify people who will benefit from the right to asylum, temporary protection and repatriation mechanisms, burden sharing between states, supervising mechanisms and sanctions, as well as forums to be held for the up-to-dateness of the contract.

Keywords

• Asylum Convention
• Burden Sharing
• Asylum Seekers •
• Persecution
• Global Compact on Refugees

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