The Exclusion Clauses Under International Refugee Protection in International Refugee Law and The Status of Child Soldiers

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 1 - 36, 15.04.2020

Sibel Safi

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.644550

Abstract

The 1951 Convention Relating to the
Status of Refugees provides provisions for the well-founded fear of persecution
of refugees in their countries to grant refugee status in cases where the state
is unwilling or unable to protect him/her, while also stipulating that those
who commit the most serious offenses are excluded. This is understandable both
in terms of not being left unpunished and for the protection of public security
in the country of asylum. However, what is critical to child soldiers applying
for asylum is the fact that even if they meet conditions that are provided in
the definition of refugees, they will not be able to access protection, and in
particular the Refugee Convention refuses to protect it ‘due to the existence
of grave breaches’. Furthermore, although there are provisions in Article 1 (F)
of the Convention on the conditions of exclusion from international protection,
there is no detailed regulation as to which conditions meet this, and the
interpretation and application of these provisions raises certain problems. In
this study, the conditions of exclusion from international protection referred
to in Article 1 (F) of the Geneva Convention of 1951 will be analyzed and at
the same time the situation of child soldiers who are not subject to a separate
regulation under this article will be evaluated in the context of refugee law.

Keywords

International Refugee Law, Excluding Circumstances, Article 1(F), Child Soldiers, Crimes Against Humanity

Mülteci Hukukunda Uluslararası Koruma Dışında Bırakma ve Çocuk Askerler

Abstract

1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi, ülkesinde haklı nedenlere dayanan zulüm görme iddiasında
olan kişilere, devletinin kendisini korumaya istekli olmadığı veya korumaya muktedir
olamadığı durumlarda mülteci statüsü verileceğine ilişkin tanımı yaparken aynı
zamanda en ağır suçları işleyen kişilerin bu statünün dışında kalmasına ilişkin de
hükümler düzenlemiştir. Bu, gerek suçluların cezasız bırakılmamaları gerekse iltica
ülkesinde kamu güvenliğinin korunması açısından anlaşılabilir bir durumdur.
Bununla birlikte, sığınma talebinde bulunan çocuk askerler için kritik olan şey,
mülteci tanımına uyan koşulları taşısalar bile korumaya erişemeyecekleri ve özellikle
de Mülteci Sözleşmesinin ‘ağır suçların varlığı nedeniyle’ korumayı reddettiği
gerçeğidir. Bu çalışmada 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi 1(F) hükmünde sayılan
uluslararası koruma dışında bırakma koşulları analiz edilecek ve aynı zamanda bu
madde hükmü ile ayrı bir düzenlemeye tabii olmayan çocuk askerlerin durumu
Mülteci hukuku bağlamında değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

ÇOCUK ASKERLER, ULUSLARARASI KORUMA, MÜLTECİ HUKUKU, 1F MADDESİ, KORUMA DIŞINDA BIRAKMA

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