Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hukukunda Yürütme İmtiyazı

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 1253 - 1299, 15.09.2022

Özlem Çelik

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1137893

Abstract

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri federal hukukunda yürütme imtiyazı, Başkanın ve bazı üst düzey yürütme organı görevlilerinin Kongre’den ve yargı organlarından bilgi saklama hakkını ifade etmektedir. Başkanların Kongre’nin bazı bilgi taleplerini, bilginin yürütme imtiyazı kapsamında korunduğunu ileri sürerek reddedebilmesi mümkündür. Yürütme imtiyazı ileri sürebilme yetkisi, Anayasa ile açık bir şekilde düzenlenmemiştir. Yüksek Mahkeme tarafından Başkana ait zımni bir anayasal yetki olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kongre ve Başkan arasındaki yürütme imtiyazı uyuşmazlıkları, çoğunlukla yargı denetimine konu olmadan sistem içerisinde çözülmektedir. Ancak istisnai bazı hallerde, Kongre ile yürütme organı arasındaki yürütme imtiyazı konusundaki uyuşmazlıklar, yargı organlarının gündemine taşınmaktadır. Bu tür durumlarda yargı organları, yürütme imtiyazının varlığını kabul etmiş ancak kapsam ve sınırları konusunda yeterli bir içtihat ortaya koyamamıştır.

Keywords

Yürütme imtiyazı, Başkan, Watergate Skandalı, Kongre Gözetimi, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri/Nixon Davası.

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