Charlotte Jones’un Havada Yüzmek Adlı Oyununda Derin Sularda Yüzmek: Bir Akıl Hastanesinde Kadın Deliliğini ve Kadın Dayanışmasını Keşfetmek

Year 2024, Issue: 62, 161 - 180, 30.12.2024

Gamze Şentürk Tatar

https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1537895

Abstract

Yüzyıllar boyunca delilik, kadın direncine, kadın gücüne ve kadın özgürlüğüne vurulan tarihsel bir etiket olmuştur. Delilik, patriyarka tarafından sadece kadınlara özgü bir olgu ya da hastalık olarak topluma empoze edilmiştir. Bu durumun nihai amacı ise patriarkal dünya düzenine kadınları boyun eğdirmektir. Cinsel tercihleri ve yaşam biçimleri ile patriarkal ideolojiye meydan okuyan kadınlar, deli olarak damgalanıp susturulmak üzere akıl hastanelerine mahkûm edilmişlerdir. Patriyarka, kadınları özgürce hareket etmekten ve kişisel gelişimlerini sağlamaktan alıkoymak için akıl hastanelerinden bir araç olarak faydalanmıştır. Feminist hareketin canlılık kazandığı yirminci yılda pek çok feminist oyun yazarı, kadınlara karşı kullanılan eril bir baskı aracı olarak hem akıl hastalığını hem de akıl hastanelerini özellikle araştırmış ve onlar üzerine yazmıştır. Bu yazarların temel motivasyonları ise kadınları deli olarak etiketleyen ve onları akıl hastanelerine hapseden sosyal ve tarihsel dinamikleri sorgulamaktır. Britanya tiyatrosunun yükselen isimlerinden olan ödüllü oyun yazarı Charlotte Jones (1968-), 1997 yılında yazdığı ilk oyunu Havada Yüzmek’te St. Dymphna’s Hospital adlı bir akıl hastanesine hapsedilmiş iki kadına odaklanır. Jones, birer patriyarkal hegemonya kurbanı olarak hapsedilmeye maruz kalan kadınları ve akıl hastanesindeki bu kadınların içler acısı durumlarını merkezine alır ve patriarkal zulme karşı kadın dayanışmasının gücünü ortaya koyar. Bu makale, Jones’un Havada Yüzmek oyunundaki ‘deli kadın’ imgesine odaklanarak akıl hastanelerinde kadınların uğradığı sistematikleşmiş eril baskıyı ve söz konusu bu baskıya karşı türeyen kadın dayanışmasının gücünü açığa çıkarmayı amaçlar.

Keywords

delilik, akıl hastaneleri, kadın dayanışması, Charlotte Jones, Havada Yüzmek

Swimming in the Deep Waters in Charlotte Jones’s Airswimming: Exploring Female Madness and Female Solidarity in a Psychiatric Hospital

Abstract

Throughout the centuries, madness has been the historical label applied to female resistance, female power and female liberation. It has been imposed on society by patriarchy as a phenomenon or an illness peculiar only to women. Its ultimate aim is to subjugate women to the patriarchal world order. Women, challenging patriarchal ideology in the way of their sexual choices and their lifestyles, have been labelled as insane and confined to the psychiatric hospitals in order to be silenced. In this way, psychiatric hospitals have become spaces that institutionalize women with mental illness. Patriarchy has taken advantage of these institutions as a tool to discourage women from acting freely and achieving personal development. In the twentieth century, when feminist movement come to life, many feminist playwrights specially tend to investigate and write on both mental illness and psychiatric hospitals as a means of male oppression used against women. Their essential motivation is to question the social and historical dynamics behind the labelling of women as insane and imprisoning them to the psychiatric hospitals. Award-winning playwright Charlotte Jones (1968-), one of the towering names of contemporary British theatre, focussed on caged two women in a psychiatric hospital, named St. Dymphna’s Hospital, in her first play Airswimming (1997). She puts these women subjected to imprisonment as victims of patriarchal hegemony and their deplorable living conditions in psychiatric hospital in the center and argues the power of female solidarity against patriarchal persecution. This paper aims at exposing the systemized male oppression of women by psychiatric hospitals and the power of female solidarity against this oppression by focussing on the image of the ‘madwoman’ in Jones’s Airswimming.

Keywords

madness, psychiatric hospitals, female solidarity, Charlotte Jones, Airswimming

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