NANO MATERYAL İÇERİKLİ KATKILARIN YAKIT ÖZELLİKLERİNE VE EGZOZ EMİSYONLARINA ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 572 - 591, 01.12.2018

İsmet Sezer

https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.153

Öz

Bu çalışma; dizel, biyodizel, su veya alkol içeren emülsiyon yakıtları ve çeşitli yakıt karışımları gibi dizel motor yakıtlarında nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanılmasının yakıt özellikleri, motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkileri üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların sonuçlarından derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlar iyi performans ve güvenilirlik karakteristiklerine sahip olmasına rağmen dizel motorlardan yayılan egzoz gazları içinde yarı yanmış veya yanmamış hidrokarbonlar, karbondioksit, karbonmonoksit, partikül madde (is) ve azot oksitler gibi zararlı emisyonlar bulunur. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarının azaltılması için üç farklı teknik uygulanmaktadır. Zaralı emisyonları azaltmak için uygulanan tekniklerden ilki motor tasarımda ve yakıt püskürtme sisteminde değişiklikler yapılarak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir. Ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir süreçtir. Emisyonları azaltmak için uygulanan ikinci teknik katalitik konvertör ve partikül filtresi gibi çeşitli egzoz gazı cihazlarının kullanılmasıdır. Ancak, bu cihazlar dizel motorların performansını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Dizel motorlarda, emisyonları azaltmak ve aynı zamanda motorun performansını artırmak için kullanılan üçüncü teknik ise çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardan yayılan en önemli kirleticiler azot oksitler (NOx) ve partikül madde (PMis) emisyonlarıdır. Uygulamada, NOx ve PM emisyonlarını birlikte azaltmak oldukça zordur. Emisyonları azaltırken motor performansını artırmanın en iyi yolunun nano materyal içerikli katkıların ve su veya alkol ile emülsiyonlaştırılmış yakıtların kullanımı olduğu birçok araştırmacı tarafından bildirilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında çeşitli dizel motor yakıtlarında farklı nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanımının yakıt özelliklerine ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkileri literatüre dayalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu şekilde, nano metaryal içerikli katkıların etkilerinin bir arada değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel, Dizel motor performansı, Emisyonlar, Emülsiyon yakıt, Nano materyal içerikli katkılar

Effect of Additives Including Nano Materials on Fuel Properties and Exhaust Emissions

Öz

This study compiled the results of various researches performed on the effects of the fuel properties, engine performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using nanomaterials additives in diesel engine fuels such as diesel, biodiesel, water or alcohol emulsified fuels and the various fuel blends. However, diesel engines have good reliability and performance characteristics; they emit the hazardous emissions like unburned hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matters and nitrogen oxides with the exhaust gases. Three different techniques are used the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of the diesel engines. The first technique for the reduction of the harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of the engine design and the fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second technique for the reduction of the emissions is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The other technique to reduce the emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engine are oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce the emissions and increase the engine performance is the use of nano material additives and water or alcohol emulsified fuels. The effects using of different nano material additives in various diesel engine fuels on the fuel properties and the exhaust emissions were investigated the based on the literature in this review. In this way, it has been purposed that the effects of the nano material additives was evaluated together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel, Diesel engine performance, Emissions, Emulsified fuel, Nano material additives

Kaynakça

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