Akdeniz Göç Krizi: AB’nin Mevcut Hukuki Mekanizmaları ve Politika Yanıtlarının Eleştirel Bir Analizi

Year 2025, Issue: 58, 23 - 42, 30.12.2025

Md Syful Islam , Asm Mahmudul Hasan , Ali Ashraf , Md Mostafa Faısal

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1534681

Abstract

Akdeniz göç krizi, Avrupa Birliği’nin göç ve iltica yönetişiminde süregelen yapısal zayıflıkları açık biçimde ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, Dublin Tüzüğü, Schengen Anlaşması, Ortak Avrupa İltica Sistemi ve Avrupa Komisyonu’nun Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı dâhil olmak üzere Avrupa Birliği’nin temel hukuki mekanizmalarını ve politika yanıtlarını incelemektedir. Politika belgeleri, hukuki çerçeveler, kurumsal raporlar ve seçilmiş vaka çalışmalarına dayanan nitel analiz yoluyla, bu araçların uygulamadaki işleyişi ve göçmenler, sınır ülkeleri ve ev sahibi toplumlar üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. Bulgular, mevcut AB politikalarının Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan sınır ülkelerine orantısız sorumluluk yüklediğini, iltica süreçlerinde tutarsız sonuçlar ürettiğini ve temel hakların korunması yerine sınır güvenliğini önceliklendirdiğini göstermektedir. Moria kampı yangını, Ceuta krizi ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının arama kurtarma faaliyetlerine yönelik devlet tepkileri gibi vaka analizleri, bu politika tercihlerinin insani ve hukuki sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, bağlayıcı sorumluluk paylaşım mekanizmaları ve entegrasyon odaklı reformlar olmaksızın AB göç yönetişiminin parçalı ve tepkisel kalacağını savunmaktadır. Son olarak, sınır yönetimini insani yükümlülükler ve uzun vadeli göçmen entegrasyonu ile uyumlu hâle getiren, hak temelli ve uyarlanabilir politika çerçevelerinin gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Düzensiz Göç , Avrupa Birliği Göç Politikaları , İnsani Kriz , Sınır Güvenliği , Mülteci Entegrasyonu , Akdeniz Göçü

The Mediterranean Migration Crisis: A Critical Analysis of Current Legal Mechanisms and Policy Responses of EU

Abstract

The Mediterranean migration crisis has exposed persistent structural weaknesses in the European Union’s migration and asylum governance. This study examines the EU’s principal legal mechanisms and policy responses, including the Dublin Regulation, the Schengen Agreement, the Common European Asylum System, and the European Commission’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Using qualitative analysis of policy documents, legal frameworks, institutional reports, and selected case studies, the research evaluates how these instruments operate in practice and their consequences for migrants, frontline states, and host societies. The findings reveal that current EU policies place disproportionate responsibility on Mediterranean border states, produce inconsistent asylum outcomes, and prioritize border securitization over the protection of fundamental rights. Case studies such as the Moria camp fire, the Ceuta crisis, and state responses to NGO rescue operations illustrate the humanitarian and legal consequences of these policy choices. The study argues that without binding responsibility-sharing mechanisms and stronger integration-oriented reforms, EU migration governance will remain fragmented and reactive. It concludes by emphasizing the need for adaptable, rights-based policy frameworks that reconcile border management with humanitarian obligations and long-term migrant integration.

Keywords

Irregular Migration , EU Migration Policies , Humanitarian Crisis , Border Security , Refugee Integration , Mediterranean Migration

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