Şarkı Sözlerinde Şiddet Öğesi: Aksaray İli İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Öğrencileriyle Yapılan Bir Çalışma

“Şiddet” günümüzde evde, okulda, sokakta, filmlerde, haberlerde, bilgisayar oyunlarında hatta reklamlarda sıkça işlenen bir davranışbiçimi haline gelmiştir. Bu durum özellikle gençleri ve çocuklarıolumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Söz konusu etki, zihinsel, duygusal ve sosyal alanlarda önemli sonuçlar doğurabilecek boyuttadır. İnsanlarımutlu etme, sakinleştirme, olumlu davranışlara yöneltme, gibi etkileri olduğu bilinen müziğin de, ritimleri, alt yapılarıve en önemlisi sözleri ile şiddete yönelten bir etkisi olabilir. İçeriğinde şiddet öğesi barındıran sözlere sahip kimi şarkılar son yıllarda gençler hatta ilköğretim çağındaki çocuklar arasında yoğun ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Ağır hakaretler, vahşet, intikam içerikli bu sözlerin, hareketli bir ritim eşliğinde ezberlenme hızıve akılda kalma etkisi de kat kat artmaktadır. Özellikle Rap ve Hip-Hop müzik türlerinde sıkça rastlanan bu şarkılarısöyleyen grup ya da şarkıcıların çocuklar tarafından ne sıklıkta dinlenildiğini saptamak, sözü edilen bu şarkılarda yer alan şiddet öğelerini vurgulamak, çocukların şarkılara ulaştıklarıiletişim araçlarınıbelirlemek bu çalışmanın amacınıoluşturmaktadır. Durum tespitine yönelik tarama modelinde betimsel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlıilköğretim ikinci kademe seviyesindeki öğrencilerin en sık dinledikleri müzik grubu ve şarkıcılar belirlenmişve bu şarkıcıların şarkısözlerindeki şiddet öğeleri tespit edilerek konu ile ilgili saptamalar ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışma Aksaray ilinde eğitim gören 1000 öğrenci ile sınırlandırılmıştır.

Nowadays "violence" has become an act committed in commonly at home, at school, on the street, movies, news, computer games and even commercials. This situation has an adverse effect on young people and children in particular. These effects might pose significant results in mental, social and emotional areas. And music, which is known to have effects like making people happy, calm them down, directing to positive attitudes, might have a leading way to violence by its rhythms, basis and most importantly by lyrics. Songs containing violence within their lyrics are having an intense interest around youngsters, even primary school students in recent years. Memorizing and recalling of these gross insult, savageness and revenge containing lyrics become easier with a rhythmical song. This study aims to determine how often these songs are listened to, how they can reach these songs and how they evaluate the songs they are listening to, which are mainly came across with Rap and Hip-Hop styles. Mass media is considered to be the most important communication channel capable of reaching many people defined as readers, listeners and viewers has Serarslan, 2007; 18 . Mass media is widespread form of expression media in the recent years. In the changing society, the media has become extremely effective . As well as the effects of mass media, such as entertainment and information, are also negative effects, such as changing consuming behavior, aggression and violence, deteriorate family and friendship relations out. Violence is the number one subject of the researches of media and child relations. Of course, this is a very important and a need to focus on the accuracy and questionable issue. Among the attitudes and customs following the, known to be acquired and developed in early age, very firstly TV habit and most of the rest have the impact of mass media Ertürk and Gül, 2006; 1 . According to a study in the United States, over a period of 3-17 years of age in the children and young people watch an average fifteen-minute interval throughout the day on television aggression, violence Köknel, 2000; 124 . In addition to the negative impact of television, computer games containing extreme violence and violent lyrics of many sites on the Internet is extremely important. C.A. By Anderson and colleagues in a study conducted on 4262 children, computer games were found to increase children's aggression and restlessness Anderson vd., 2003; 962 . In recent years, messages like violence, sexuality, rebellion in music is emphasized. A content analysis of music videos aired on a music study, it’s been seen that 42 major and 32 of minor characters’ music consists videos of violence, aggression and pornographic elements Günindi and Ersoz, 2002; 60 . Art is a language and it has a power to inform the people, to make them think, to feel touched, and to mobilize Seza, 1972; 58 . Among all other arts, music has the power of effecting and adjoining people at the utmost level. as well as the effect of removing people from the Violence, music can also have an effect of violence directing via rhythms, lyrics and most importantly, with sub-structures Göher, 2008a; 311 . Anderson, Carnagey and Eubanks'ın 162 students listened to music with violent lyrics in a study shows that children listened to these kinds of music tend to violence more than others who didn’t listen to Anderson vd., Music lyrics in songs are memorized a lot easier with the help of melody and rhythm than a plain text and may be permanent for many years Göher, 2008b; 13 . Especially in childhood and early youth when there is a quest for identity, lyrics of beloved singers have great impacts on the individuals Göher, 2008a; 311 . Music’s affecting power, coupled with violent words, can reach dangerous levels especially for primary school children. In this sense defining what kinds of music students listen to and detecting the violence elements have great importance. In this study of descriptive research, case survey method to identify, group of singers and the singers and lyrics of the song elements of the Ministry of Education's secondary school level students’ listening preferences for the most frequently are determined. Study is limited to 1000 students studying in Aksaray. Research data is collected via a survey consisting of 4 questions developed by researches in order to define the most frequently singers’ / groups’ music listened to by the primary school second stage students within Aksaray. Results of the research findings were the following: Research findings of the primary second stage, the vast majority of students were listening to rap and hip hop musical genres. A result of the primary findings of the research with other students in the second stage, the most frequently listened to the singer / music groups in first place in the list of Ceza, the second and third in the All-Group is located in Ismail YK. This singer / music groups are not appropriate for these students considered age factor. When the results are analyzed, a large part of the songs students were listening to have violent elements within its lyrics. When the lyrics are analyzed it can be seen that apart from violence elements, there are lyrics that contains vast amounts of sexuality and lyrics that are far away from carrying positive messages. Another emerging research results, it is seen that the students listening to the singer / music groups, most songs from the Internet, the second way is the television. This result emphasizes the importance of the Internet and television control. In the research findings, at the top of the reasons for the students to listen to the singer / music groups the beautiful melodies of the songs comes. Then the words of the song’s meaningfulness and the singers’ voice’s beauty come. This result once again emphasizes the importance of the song's words, lyrics. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are seemed appropriate. Suggestions are not only limited to violence words in music, but to forming of violence itself in a wide range. The effect of media on children and young people and the environment is extremely strong, though, family and teachers being good examples as listeners, telling the differences between positive and negative message delivering songs and the consequences, making kids approaching the situations and events with more consciously can alter many things. In the educational system, more attention should be given to arts education. Media Literacy course should be given as a compulsory subject in schools. Media Literacy course should be enriched in terms of music education and music appreciation. Groups and the singers frequently listened by children and young people's should act with a social awareness about the lyrics has a great importance. This issue should be considered while writing the lyrics. Children's television viewing hours should be limited, television programs, films which they went to, which sites they entered on the Internet, lyrics of the songs they are listening to should be followed. Children should talked about violence on Television programs, movies, computer games, music videos, song lyrics, and it should be told that this kind of behavior in real life may cause painful consequences. Violence related to the formation of other suggestions: Violence is the source of many social and psychological phenomenons, and the complete eradication was not possible in any time. However, for the increasing violence in schools, especially for the frequently heard words of the song, it is suitable to recommend these following precautions: Causes and consequences of violence for students with panels, meetings should be explained. Studies should be done to improve students’ dialogue with each other, and the unifying power of art should be used. Families should follow their children without putting their feet to the fire, recognize their friends. When they acted against violence, children should be backed up in every place. If fits of rage, extreme uncontrolled behavior, frequent fighting, continuous failure of subjects, such as acts of revengebased are observed frequently in infants, preschool children and school-age children, one should get professional help