Seydişehir ile Beyşehir’in İklimlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2011, Issue: 26, 291 - 310, 01.08.2011

Sabahattin Sarı Nuri İnan

Abstract

Beyşehir ile Seydişehir, Konya’nın güneybatısında ve Beyşehir-Suğla tektonik oluğu üzerinde yer alır. Bu merkezlerin de içinde bulunduğu alanlar, Akdeniz makro klimasıdâhilindedir. Ancak araştırma sahasında artan yükselti, karasallık ve hava kütlelerinin tesir derecelerindeki farklılıklar, karakteristik Akdeniz İklimi’nin buralarda değişmesine yol açmıştır. Akdeniz yağışrejiminin büyük ölçüde korunduğu, ancak yükselti nedeniyle sıcaklığın düştüğü Seydişehir’de, Akdeniz Dağ İklimi; Akdeniz tesirleri ile karasal tesirlerin birlikte etkili olduğu Beyşehir’de ise Karasal-Akdeniz Geçiş İklimi hüküm sürmektedir. Yıllık ortalama sıcaklık Seydişehir’de, 11.8 °C ve Beyşehir’de, 10.8 °C’dir. Don olaylıgün sayısıise Seydişehir’de 81.9; Beyşehir’de 96.9 günü bulur. Yıllık ortalama yağışmiktarı, Seydişehir’de 750.3 mm iken, Beyşehir’de 495.7 mm’dir. Akdeniz tesirinin daha kuvvetli olduğu Seydişehir’de, yıllık yağışın % 46.9’u kışmevsimindedir. Beyşehir’de ise kışmevsimindeki yağışoranı% 38.3’tür. Her iki merkezde de yağışlar kışmevsiminde genellikle kar, diğer mevsimlerde yağmur şeklindedir. Kar yağışlıgün sayısı, Seydişehir’de 29.9 gün iken, Beyşehir’de 23.2 gündür. Seydişehir’de toprak, 45.1 gün, Beyşehir’de ise 43.6 gün karla örtülüdür. Rüzgâr istikametleri dağların uzanışyönüne paraleldir. Hâkim rüzgâr yönleri, Seydişehir’de NW-SE ve Beyşehir’de NE-SW’dir. Erinç 1965 , Thornthwaite 1948 , Köppen 1928 ve De Martonne-Gottmann 1942 iklim tasnifleri, Seydişehir’in Beyşehir’den daha nemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Kaynakların doğru ve verimli kullanımıaçısından bu iki merkezin özellikle yağışmiktar ve rejimlerinde ortaya çıkan farklılıkların dikkate alınmasıgerekir. Çalışma sahasının iklim özelliklerini incelemek için, Seydişehir ve Beyşehir’e ait iklim elemanlarının meteorolojik verilerinden 2007 yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca saha ile alakalıdaha önceki çalışmalara da başvurulmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan haritalar, mapinfo 9.5 programıile çizilmiştir.

Keywords

Akdeniz Dağ İklimi, Beyşehir’in İklimi, Seydişehir’in İklimi, Karasal-Akdeniz Geçiş İklimi

Comparison of Climate of Seydişehir and Beyşehir

Abstract

Climate is a component that controls vital activities of people as well as being direct or indirect determinant of many factors such as forestation, transportation, agriculture, environment, animal husbandry etc. Therefore, it is found useful to comparatively examine climatic properties of Beyşehir and Seydişehir that are very close to each other, but have some differences in respect of climate. İn this research water balances and diagrams of each stations were calculated according to the Thorntwaite formula 1948 and drought indices of all stations were calculated according to Erinç formula 1965 , and their graphs were made. Also, climatic properties of study field was attempted to be revealed by using formulas developed researchers such as De Martonne-Gottmann 1942 , Köppen 1928 . Also klimograms were prepared in order to see situation of humidity more easily. Maps are drawed by MapInfo 9.5 software. Meteorological measurements of Seydisehir and Beyşehir are taken from Turkish State Meteorogical Service 2007 . The office programs are used for tables and figures. Beyşehir and Seydişehir are located at the southeast of Konya and on Beyşehir-Suğla tectonic groove. Seydişehir is located at the southwest of Konya than Beyşehir and nearer to the Taurus Mountains. Distance between Beyşehir and Seydişehir is 30 km. Altitude, Sunshine Duration and Latitude of two centers are almost the same, but there are considerable differences in the amount and rainfall regime of precipitation of these two centers that are so close to each other and located within macroclimate of the Mediterranean Sea. Effectiveness of air mass influencing these centers in winters underlies these differences. Precipitation ration in winter shows that influences of Mediterranean Sea in Seydişehir nearer to Taurus Mountains are relatively stronger. This situation is completely related to the extensional direction and altitude of Taurus Mountains Eastern-Western directional extension and altitude of Taurus Mountains does not enable tropical and polar air masses to progress in habitual movement directions. Therefore, in winters tropical air masses cannot reach inside Central Anatolia and polar air masses to the coasts Mediterranean . Thus, inside of Anatolia nearly becomes a bowl filled with a polar air mass especially in winters. Seydişehir is located at the border region of this bowl filled with a polar air mass and Beyşehir inside it. Therefore, Seydişehir becomes a meeting area of cold air masses that comes up in this area with damp air masses that crosses the mountains just at the south of it, while this situation in Beyşehir inside polar air masses fronts occurs rarely. Thus, considerable differences appeared between the precipitation amount and precipitation rainfall regimes in Seydişehir and Beyşehir which are quite close each other and have no barrier mountains etc. between. İn Seydişehir 11.8 °C , annual average temperature is higher than Beyşehir 10.8 °C . While, Seydişehir and Beyşehir annual average temperature are around 11 °C it’s has fallen to 5 °C, on mountainous area. From time to time, research area became very cold air mass region of Siberian origin minimum temperatures are -27 °C in Seydişehir and -21.1 °C in Beyşehir . There isn’t any pressures measurement belong to Beyşehir. The average pressure is 887.3 millibar in Seydişehir. The average wind speed is 0.8 m / sec in Beyşehir, whereas 2.1 m / sec in Seydisehir. Although it looks like the average wind speed is low, especially in Seydişehir winds speed is more over this average 122.8 km / h . The dominant wind directions are formed by mountains’ direction. The dominant wind directions are NW-SE in Seydişehir and NE-SW in Beyşehir. Beyşehir's annual rainfall 495.7 mm is less than annual rainfall of Turkey 652 mm . Seydişehir’s annual rainfall 750.3 mm is above the average of Turkey. Between 1975-2006, the highest annual rainfall are 1126.6 mm in Seydişehir and 623.5 mm in Beyşehir. While the lowest annual rainfall are 474.9 mm in Seydisehir; 321.7 mm in Beyşehir. As shown, the lowest annual rainfall of Seydişehir is almost equal to Beyşehir's annual average rainfall. Between the rainfall regime of Beyşehir and Seydişehir are , considerable differences. The monthly rainfall start to increase in October and it reach the maximum in December İn Seydişehir and Beyşehir. After this month, monthly rainfall decrease regulary in Seydişehir. Unlike Seydişehir, the rainfall monthly decline in February and March but, it rise in April and May in Beyşehir. The winter rainfall amount of Beyşehir is far below Seydişehir’s. Relative humidity is high in winter in Seydişehir but it’s high in summer in Beyşehir. Due to Mediterranean influence rainy days, cloudy days, snowy days and snow-covered days are higher in Seydisehir. In winter, cold air masses that occur from time to time, due to this number of foggy days is olso higher in Seydisehir. But freeze event days is shorter in Seydisehir. Moist air masses from the Mediterranean through the reduction of this process has an important role. According to the Erinç 1965 index, Beyşehir 21,5 is less humid than Seydişehir 32.3 . In Beyşehir, while very wet period is only December and January, it lasts from November to April in Seydişehir. De Martonne-Gottmann's index indicates that Beyşehir is located 14 in semi-arid area and Seydişehir is 19 located in semi-humid area. According to the Köppen climate classification; both Beyşehir and Seydişehir are located in the mid- hot climates area which is shown as “Csk” where winter is cold and rainy, summer is hot and dry. According to the humidity; while Beyşehir is in semi-arid area, Seydişehir is in semi-humid area. According to Thornthwaite climate classification, while Beyşehir is located in C1 B11 s2 B13 which means low humidity, micro-thermal, more water in winter, and effective maritime climate aera, Seydişehir is located in B1 B11 s2 B13 , which means micro-thermal, water deficiency in summer, and effective maritime climate area. It is clearly seen in the index that humidity is different from each other in Beyşehir and Seydişehir. When the balance of water Thornthwaite is studied, in Beyşehir, it is seen that soil is saturated at the end of December, but in Seydişehir, it is saturated at the beginning of December. And a consumption of water from rezerves starts in both cities in May and June. On the other hand, in winter the high more water in Seydişehir 357 mm doubles the more water in Beyşehir 167,2 mm . It means water efficiency in Seydişehir. In summer, both cities are under the effect of cT, the summer air masses which means low rainfall in summer. Consequently, all of the rainfall in both cities vaporizes in summer. During the summer months the drought is clearly seen in the cities, and there is not a great variation between them. So in farming, irrigating systems are necessary. According to the climate classifications index revealed by researchers and to other results we obtained; there are important considerable differences between climatic properties of Beyşehir and Seydişehir. Beyşehir is located inside Continental-Mediterranean Transition Climate Mediterranean-Middle Anatolia Transition Climate in terms of its precipitation rainfall regime and temperature regime. Monthly and annual distribution of precipitation in Seydişehir is quite compatible with the monthly and annual distribution of precipitation of Mediterranean Sea Coasts. Decreasing temperature and events based this temperature such as frost, snowfall and snow-covered days reflects the increasing influence of altitude. From this aspect, Seydişehir is located within the Mediterranean Mountain Climate that is predominant in mountainside behind Mediterranean Sea. The increasing in rainfall in Seydişehir enriches the existence of forest in the region. When we compare Seydişehir and Beyşehir in sense of afforestration, ecology, water resourses etc, Seydişehir is superior. In addition, having a potential of rainfall and water rezerves, Seydişehir is a suitable place to build puddles and pond. Since Beyşehir is located in a poor area from those aspects, It is possible that all of the interferences to ecology, groundwater and surface water resources will be harmful permanently or temporarily. So, a perfect planning and interfering must be fulfilled

Keywords

Mediterranean Mountain Climate, Continental-Mediterranean Transition Climate, Climate of Beyşehir, Climate of Seydişehir

References

• AKYOL, İ. H., (1944), Türkiye’de Basınç, Rüzgarlar ve Yağış Rejimi, Türk Coğ. Der., Sayı 5-6:1-34, Ankara
• ARDEL, A., (1973), Klimatoloji.Umumi Coğrafya Dersleri, Cilt 1, İst. Ün. Coğ. Enst. Yay., No 7, İstanbul.
• BİRİCİK, A., S., (1982), Beyşehir Gölü Havzasının Strüktürel ve Jeomorfolojik Etüdü, İst. Ün. Yay. No:2867, İstanbul.
• EROL, O., (1993), Genel Klimatoloji, Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara.
• BOZYİĞİT, R., 2002, Seydişehir’in İklim Özellikleri, S.Ü., Eğitim Fak. Derg. S.13, 39-63, Konya
• EREN, Ö., (2006) Antalya Beydağları'nın (Tahtalı,Teke, Çalbalı, Pozan, Uzunkarış, Özdemir, ve Kartal dağları) Yüksek Dağ Vejetasyonunun Bitki Sosyolojisi Yönünden Araştırılması, Akdeniz Ün. Fen Bil. Enst., Yayımlanmamış Dr. Tezi, Antalya.
• ERİNÇ, S., (1996), Klimatoloji ve Metotları, Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
• DMi, 2007, Genel Müdürlük’ten Alınan İklim Elemanı Verileri
• DMi 2010, Genel Müdürlük Web Sayfası, Son Erişim 02.06.2010
• DOĞAN, U., (1997), Suğla Ovası ve Çevresinin Fiziki Coğrafyası, Ankara Ün. Sos. Bil. Ens., Yayımlanmamış Dr. Tezi, Ankara.
• DÖNMEZ, Y., (1990) Umumi Klimatoloji ve İklim Çalışmaları, İst. Ün. Basımevi ve Film Merkezi, İstanbul.
• İZBIRAK, R.,(1972), Türkiye I, II, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, Öğretmen Kitapları Dizisi, İstanbul.
• KANTARCI, M.D., Isınma – Kuraklaşma Sürecinin Göller Bölgesindeki Durumu ve Etkileri Üzerine Ekolojik Bir Değerlendirme, S.D.Ü. Orman Fak. Der., Sayı 2, 2008: 1-34 Isparta
• KOÇMAN, A., (1993), Türkiye İklimi, Ege Ün. Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 72, İzmir. Mapinfo 9.5 yazılım programı.
• KURT, H., (2000), Batı Toros Polyeleri (Jeomorfolojik Etüt), Mar. Ün. Sos. Bil. Enst. Yayımlanmamış Dr. Tezi, İstanbul.
• SARI. S., (2009), Batı Akdeniz Bölümü’nden İç Anadolu’ya Geçiş İklimleri, Selçuk Ün., Sos. Bil. Enst., Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
• ŞAHİN vd., (2005), Türkiye Coğrafyası, Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• ÜNALDI, Ü., (1990), Eğirdir Gölü Doğusunun Fiziki Coğrafyası, İ.Ü. Sosyal Bil. Enst.,Doktora Tezi, İstanbul