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AHS –VZA Yöntemi ile Tedarikçilerin Performans Değerlendirmesi: Beyaz Eşya Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Year 2015, Issue: 33, 113 - 128, 01.02.2015

Abstract

Türkiye’nin önemli sektörlerden biri olan beyaz eşya sektörü, son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme ile birlikte değişen rekabet koşullarından son derece etkilenen sektörler içerisinde yer almaktadır. Diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi beyaz eşya sektöründe de alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkileri yönetim uygulamaları, rekabet ve çevresel şartlar altında pazar ihtiyaçlarının hızlı şekilde karşılanma gerekliliğine bağlıolarak değişiklikler göstermektedir. Özellikle, uzun dönemli müşteri-tedarikçi ilişkileri geçmişte sıklıkla kullanılan kısa dönemli ilişkilerin yerini almıştır. Bununla birlikte, koordinasyon ve tedarikçilerle kurulan stratejik ortaklıklar önemli bir hale gelmiştir Perona ve Saccani, 2004; 189-190 . Böylece ana üreticiler OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers ile hammaddelerin tedarik edildiği hammadde ve parça üreticileri arasındaki ilişkilerde entegrasyon ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu nedenle, beyaz eşya sektöründe faaliyet gösteren üretici firmalar için tedarik zincirinin doğru şekilde kurulması, tedarikçilerle iyi ilişkiler geliştirilmesi ve tedarikçilerin performansetkinliklerinin ölçülmesi önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacıda, Türkiye’de beyaz eşya sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın tedarikçilerinin performanslarının ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmanın beyaz eşya sektöründe yapılmasının nedeni; sektörün son yıllarda gelişme potansiyeli göstermesidir. Bu bağlamda, firmaların böyle bir potansiyele sahip bir sektörde başarıyıyakalayabilmeleri tedarikçileriyle son derece uyumlu çalışabilmelerinden geçmektedir. Bu nedenle, uygun tedarikçilerin seçimi ve değerlendirilmesi son derece önemli faaliyetler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu açılardan araştırmanın bulgularısektördeki gerek tedarikçi gerek satın alan konumdaki firmalar için yararlıve kullanışlısonuçlar ortaya koyabilecektir. Bununla birlikte, araştırmanın çıktılarıtedarikçi seçim, değerlendirme ve geliştirme süreçlerinde kullanılabilecek faktörleri içermesi açısından sektörde faaliyet gösteren diğer firmalara da yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu kapsamda uygulama süreci üç aşamadan oluşmuştur. İlk olarak Beyaz eşya sektöründe alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkileri kapsamında tedarikçilerin performansının değerlendirmesinde kullanılan tedarikçi seçim kriterleri belirlenecek, daha sonra kriterlerin önem düzeyleri çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden biri olan AHS yardımıyla belirlenecek ve son olarak öncelikli kriterler seçilen VZA modeline dahil edilerek, firma tedarikçilerinin performanslarıdeğerlendirilmeye ve öneriler getirilmeye çalışılacaktır.

References

  • Akman, G.; Alkan, A. (2006). “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Bulanık AHP Yöntemi Kullanılarak Tedarikçilerin Performansının Ölçülmesi: Otomotiv Yan Sanayinde Bir Uygulama”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Yıl: 5, Sayı: 9, Bahar, ss. 23-46.
  • Barbarosoğlu, G.; Yazgaç, T. (1997), “An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to the Supplier Selection Problem”, Production and Inventory Management Journal, pp. 14-21.
  • Bhutta, K.S.; Huq, F. (2002). “Supplier Selection Problem: A Comparison of the Total Costof Ownership and Analytic Hierarchy Process Approaches”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.126-135.
  • Chopra, S.; Meindl, P. (2003).Supply Chain, Second Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Cooper; W.W.; Shanling, L.; Seiford, L.M.; Kaoru, T.; Thrall, R.M.; Zhu, J. (2001). “Sensitivity And Stability Analysis in DEA: Some Recent Developments”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 15, N. 3.
  • Cooper, W.W.; Seiford, L.M.; Zhu, J. (2011). “Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis History, Models And Interpretations”, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, Vol. 164, pp. 1-39.
  • Dağdeviren, M.; Eraslan, E.; Kurt, M.; Dizdar, E.N. (2005).“Tedarikçi Seçimi Problemine Analitik Ağ Süreci İle Alternatif Bir Yaklaşım”, Teknoloji, C. 8, S. 2, ss. 115-122.
  • Dahel, N.E. (2003). “Vendor Selection and Order Quantity Allocation in Volume Discount Environments”, Supply Chain Management: An Internal Journal, Vol. 8, N. 4, pp.335-342.
  • Dempsey, W. A. (1978). “Vendor Selection and the Buying Process”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 7, pp. 257–267.
  • Dyson, R.G.; Allen, R.; Camanho, A.S.; Podinovski, V.V.; Sarrico, C.S.; Shale, E.A. (2001). “Pitfalls And Protocols in DEA”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 132, I. 2, pp. 245-259.
  • Golany, B.; Roll, Y. (1989). “An Application Procedure For DEA”, Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 17, N. 3, pp. 237-250.
  • Gökgöz, F. (2009).Veri Zarflama Analizi Ve Finans Alanına Uygulanması, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Yayın No: 597, Ankara.
  • Ho, W.; Xu, X.; Dey, P.K. (2010), “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches for Supplier Evaluation and Selection: a Literature Review”, European journal of Operational Research, Vol. 202 (1), pp.16-24.
  • Houlihan, J.B. (1985). “International Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 15 (1), 22.
  • Johnson, L.; Fearon, F. (2006). Purchasing and Supply Management With 50 Supply Chain Cases, McGraw- Hill International Edition, 13th Edition.
  • Karakış İ. (2007). Tedarikçi İlişkileri Yönetimi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans Tezi.
  • Karpak, B., Kumcu, E.; Kasuganti, R.R. (2001), “Purchasing Materials in the Supply Chain: Managing a Multi-Objective Task”, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, Vol. 7, I. 3, pp. 209-216.
  • Kopczak, L.R. (1997). “Logistics Partnership and Supply Chain Restructuring. Survey Results from the US Computer Industry”, Production and Operations Management, Vol.6 No.3, pp. 226-247.
  • Lee, H.L.; Billington, C. (1992). “Managing Supply Chain Inventory: Pitfalls and Opportunities” Sloan eManagement Review, Vol. 33, No.3, pp. 65-73.
  • Liu, F.F.; Hai, H.L. (2005), “The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier”, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 97, Issue 3, 18, September, Pages 308–317.
  • Ordoobadi, S.M.; Wang, S. (2011). “A Multiple Perspectives Approach to Supplier Selection”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 111, N. 4, pp. 629-648.
  • Öz, E.; Baykoç, Ö.F. (2004). “Tedarikçi Seçimi Problemine Karar Teorisi Destekli Uzman Sistem Yaklaşımı”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 19, N. 3.
  • Park, D.; Krishnan, H. A. (2001), “ Supplier selection practices among small firms in the United States: testing three models”, Journal of Small Business Management,39, 259-271.
  • Perona, M.; Saccani N. (2004). “Integration Techniques in Customer Supplier Relationships: An Empirical Research in The Italian Industry of Household Appliances”, International Journal of Production Economics, 89, 189–205.
  • Pi, W.; Low, C. (2006), “Supplier Evaluation And Selection Via Taguchi Loss Functions And An AHP”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 27, pp. 625–630.
  • Quayle, M. (2002) “Purchasing in Small Firms”, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 8, pp. 151–159.
  • Routroy, S. (2008), “Decision Framework for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Supply Chain”, The Icfai University Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. V, No. 3.
  • Rushton, A.; Croucher, P.; Baker, P. (2014). The Handbook of Logistics&Distribution Management, British Library Cataloguing, United Kingdom.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGreww Hill Comp., USA.
  • Saaty, T.L. (2001). “Derıvıng The Ahp 1-9 Scale From Fırst Prıncıples”, Proceedings – 6th ISAHP 2001, Berne, Switzerland, August 2-4.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1994). “How To Make A Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, The Institute of Management Science, Vol. 24, I. 6, pp.19-43.
  • Sezen, B. (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Tedarik Zinciri Ortaklarının Performans Değerlendirmesi”, YA/EM 2004 Yöneylem Araştırması / Endüstri Mühendisliği 24. Ulusal Kongresi, 16-18 Haziran, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Sönmez, M. (2006). “A Review and Critique of Supplier Selection Process and Practices”, Occasional Papers Series Paper, Vol. 1.
  • Tahriri, F.; Osman, M.R.; Ali, A.; Yusuf, R.M. (2008). “A Review Of Supplier Selection Methods in Manufacturing Industries”, Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 15,(3):201-208.
  • Tseng, Y.J.; Yu-Hua, L. (2005), “A Model for Supplier Selection and Tasks Assignment”, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 6 (2), pp. 197-207.
  • Velde, N.; Meijer, R. (2003). “A System Approach to Supply Chain Design with a Multinational for Colorant and Coatings”, Production Technology and Management, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
  • Verma, R.; Pullman, M.E. (1998), “ An Analysis of The Supplier Selection Process”, Omega International Journal of Management Science, 26(6):739–750.
  • Vrijhoef, R.; Koskela, L. (2000). “The four roles of supply chain management in construction”, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, Vol. 6, pp. 169-178.
  • Weber, C.A.; Current, J.R.; Benton, W.C. (1991). “Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 50, pp. 2-18.
  • Wu, M.Y.; Weng, Y.C. (2010), “A Study of Supplier Selection Factors for High-Tech Industries in the Supply Chain”, Total Quality Management, Vol. 21, N. 4, pp. 391–413.
  • Yolalan, R. (1993). İşletmelerde Göreli Etkinlik Ölçümü, Ankara: Mpm Yayınları, Yayın No: 483.
  • Yun, Y.B.; Nakayama H.; Tanıno, T. (2004). “Continuous Optimization A Generalized Model For Data Envelopment Analysis”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 157.

Evaluation of Supplier’s Performance Using AHS- VZA Method: An Application in The White Good Sector

Year 2015, Issue: 33, 113 - 128, 01.02.2015

Abstract

In an age of intensive competiveness circumstances firms find themselves obliged to increase efficiency, decrease costs, follow up the changing needs of customers and meet the demands of customers fast. In realizing this, supply chain has to be managed effectively. As well as the prior, a performance based Supply Chain Management SCM is required. The suppliers providing raw materials in production processes have become important components of SCM. All of the activities of the firms have been influenced by suppliers’ performances. In such regard, an assessment of suppliers’ selection and performance evaluation becomes an important element. Supplier selection become very important issue in the supplier selection and evaluation process. Therefore, supplier selection is discussed in detail. Supplier selection criteria used in the selection process are determined by literature. At this point, determination of the criteria to evaluate the performance of supplier is important. In literature, there are different classifications devoted to supplier selection criteria. In many studies, 23 criteria determined by Dickson 1966 are used. If performance measurement criteria select correctly, the effectiveness of suppliers' performance will reveal the correct results. After determining the supplier selection criteria, determining the method to use for measure and evaluate supplier’s performance is a major issue. In literature, there ara several supplier selection method used in the supplier selection. Businesses should prefer to use the most appropriate method among these methods. AHP is very popular to academic researchers for data analysis and model verifications, and to provide critical information for managers to make business decisions. The foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP is a set of axioms that carefully delimits the scope of the problem environment Saaty 1986 . It is based on the well- defined mathematical structure of consistent matrices and their associated eigenvector’s ability to generate true or approximate weights Merkin,1979; Saaty,1980 . The AHP methodology compares criteria, or alternatives with respect to a criterion, in a natural, pair wise mode. To do so, the AHP uses a fundamental scale of absolute numbers that has been proven in practice and validated by physical and decision problem experiments. Data Envelopment Analysis DEA is a widely accepted evaluation method by researchers because it has repeatedly proved its ability to effectively handle multiple conflicting properties associated with the modern requirements of administrative sciences in supplier selection. Much of the research for suppliers evaluation and selection apply DEA. Because DEA is a non-parametric, linear programming based technique for measuring the relative efficiency of homogeneous units. DEA is a relatively new “data oriented” approach for evaluating the performance of a set of peer entities called Decision Making Units DMUs which convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. DEA for measuring the efficiency of a DMU relative to similar DMUs in order to estimate a ‘best practice’ frontier. DEA achieves to classify the units into efficient units that achieve efficiency scores equal to the upper bound and inefficient units that are those that do not succeed to do so. White goods manufacturing is one of the most important industries in Turkey. In recent years, technological advances and globalization have changed the conditions for competition. These changes have significantly affected the white goods industry. The buyer-supplier relationship management practises in this sector vary depending on the necessity of meeting market needs quickly under the competition and environmental conditions. In particular, long term customer-supplier relationships are frequently used in the past has been replaced by a short-term relationships. However coordination and strategic partnerships with

References

  • Akman, G.; Alkan, A. (2006). “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Bulanık AHP Yöntemi Kullanılarak Tedarikçilerin Performansının Ölçülmesi: Otomotiv Yan Sanayinde Bir Uygulama”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Yıl: 5, Sayı: 9, Bahar, ss. 23-46.
  • Barbarosoğlu, G.; Yazgaç, T. (1997), “An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to the Supplier Selection Problem”, Production and Inventory Management Journal, pp. 14-21.
  • Bhutta, K.S.; Huq, F. (2002). “Supplier Selection Problem: A Comparison of the Total Costof Ownership and Analytic Hierarchy Process Approaches”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.126-135.
  • Chopra, S.; Meindl, P. (2003).Supply Chain, Second Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Cooper; W.W.; Shanling, L.; Seiford, L.M.; Kaoru, T.; Thrall, R.M.; Zhu, J. (2001). “Sensitivity And Stability Analysis in DEA: Some Recent Developments”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 15, N. 3.
  • Cooper, W.W.; Seiford, L.M.; Zhu, J. (2011). “Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis History, Models And Interpretations”, International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, Vol. 164, pp. 1-39.
  • Dağdeviren, M.; Eraslan, E.; Kurt, M.; Dizdar, E.N. (2005).“Tedarikçi Seçimi Problemine Analitik Ağ Süreci İle Alternatif Bir Yaklaşım”, Teknoloji, C. 8, S. 2, ss. 115-122.
  • Dahel, N.E. (2003). “Vendor Selection and Order Quantity Allocation in Volume Discount Environments”, Supply Chain Management: An Internal Journal, Vol. 8, N. 4, pp.335-342.
  • Dempsey, W. A. (1978). “Vendor Selection and the Buying Process”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 7, pp. 257–267.
  • Dyson, R.G.; Allen, R.; Camanho, A.S.; Podinovski, V.V.; Sarrico, C.S.; Shale, E.A. (2001). “Pitfalls And Protocols in DEA”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 132, I. 2, pp. 245-259.
  • Golany, B.; Roll, Y. (1989). “An Application Procedure For DEA”, Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 17, N. 3, pp. 237-250.
  • Gökgöz, F. (2009).Veri Zarflama Analizi Ve Finans Alanına Uygulanması, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Yayın No: 597, Ankara.
  • Ho, W.; Xu, X.; Dey, P.K. (2010), “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches for Supplier Evaluation and Selection: a Literature Review”, European journal of Operational Research, Vol. 202 (1), pp.16-24.
  • Houlihan, J.B. (1985). “International Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 15 (1), 22.
  • Johnson, L.; Fearon, F. (2006). Purchasing and Supply Management With 50 Supply Chain Cases, McGraw- Hill International Edition, 13th Edition.
  • Karakış İ. (2007). Tedarikçi İlişkileri Yönetimi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans Tezi.
  • Karpak, B., Kumcu, E.; Kasuganti, R.R. (2001), “Purchasing Materials in the Supply Chain: Managing a Multi-Objective Task”, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, Vol. 7, I. 3, pp. 209-216.
  • Kopczak, L.R. (1997). “Logistics Partnership and Supply Chain Restructuring. Survey Results from the US Computer Industry”, Production and Operations Management, Vol.6 No.3, pp. 226-247.
  • Lee, H.L.; Billington, C. (1992). “Managing Supply Chain Inventory: Pitfalls and Opportunities” Sloan eManagement Review, Vol. 33, No.3, pp. 65-73.
  • Liu, F.F.; Hai, H.L. (2005), “The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier”, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 97, Issue 3, 18, September, Pages 308–317.
  • Ordoobadi, S.M.; Wang, S. (2011). “A Multiple Perspectives Approach to Supplier Selection”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 111, N. 4, pp. 629-648.
  • Öz, E.; Baykoç, Ö.F. (2004). “Tedarikçi Seçimi Problemine Karar Teorisi Destekli Uzman Sistem Yaklaşımı”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 19, N. 3.
  • Park, D.; Krishnan, H. A. (2001), “ Supplier selection practices among small firms in the United States: testing three models”, Journal of Small Business Management,39, 259-271.
  • Perona, M.; Saccani N. (2004). “Integration Techniques in Customer Supplier Relationships: An Empirical Research in The Italian Industry of Household Appliances”, International Journal of Production Economics, 89, 189–205.
  • Pi, W.; Low, C. (2006), “Supplier Evaluation And Selection Via Taguchi Loss Functions And An AHP”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 27, pp. 625–630.
  • Quayle, M. (2002) “Purchasing in Small Firms”, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 8, pp. 151–159.
  • Routroy, S. (2008), “Decision Framework for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Supply Chain”, The Icfai University Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. V, No. 3.
  • Rushton, A.; Croucher, P.; Baker, P. (2014). The Handbook of Logistics&Distribution Management, British Library Cataloguing, United Kingdom.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGreww Hill Comp., USA.
  • Saaty, T.L. (2001). “Derıvıng The Ahp 1-9 Scale From Fırst Prıncıples”, Proceedings – 6th ISAHP 2001, Berne, Switzerland, August 2-4.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1994). “How To Make A Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, The Institute of Management Science, Vol. 24, I. 6, pp.19-43.
  • Sezen, B. (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Tedarik Zinciri Ortaklarının Performans Değerlendirmesi”, YA/EM 2004 Yöneylem Araştırması / Endüstri Mühendisliği 24. Ulusal Kongresi, 16-18 Haziran, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Sönmez, M. (2006). “A Review and Critique of Supplier Selection Process and Practices”, Occasional Papers Series Paper, Vol. 1.
  • Tahriri, F.; Osman, M.R.; Ali, A.; Yusuf, R.M. (2008). “A Review Of Supplier Selection Methods in Manufacturing Industries”, Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 15,(3):201-208.
  • Tseng, Y.J.; Yu-Hua, L. (2005), “A Model for Supplier Selection and Tasks Assignment”, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 6 (2), pp. 197-207.
  • Velde, N.; Meijer, R. (2003). “A System Approach to Supply Chain Design with a Multinational for Colorant and Coatings”, Production Technology and Management, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
  • Verma, R.; Pullman, M.E. (1998), “ An Analysis of The Supplier Selection Process”, Omega International Journal of Management Science, 26(6):739–750.
  • Vrijhoef, R.; Koskela, L. (2000). “The four roles of supply chain management in construction”, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, Vol. 6, pp. 169-178.
  • Weber, C.A.; Current, J.R.; Benton, W.C. (1991). “Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 50, pp. 2-18.
  • Wu, M.Y.; Weng, Y.C. (2010), “A Study of Supplier Selection Factors for High-Tech Industries in the Supply Chain”, Total Quality Management, Vol. 21, N. 4, pp. 391–413.
  • Yolalan, R. (1993). İşletmelerde Göreli Etkinlik Ölçümü, Ankara: Mpm Yayınları, Yayın No: 483.
  • Yun, Y.B.; Nakayama H.; Tanıno, T. (2004). “Continuous Optimization A Generalized Model For Data Envelopment Analysis”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 157.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Didem Tezsürücü This is me

Çiğdem Sofyalıoğlu This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Issue: 33

Cite

APA Tezsürücü, D., & Sofyalıoğlu, Ç. (2015). AHS –VZA Yöntemi ile Tedarikçilerin Performans Değerlendirmesi: Beyaz Eşya Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(33), 113-128.

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