Bulanık Çok-Amaçlı Doğrusal Programlama ve Aralık Tip-2 Bulanık AHP Yöntemi İle Yeşil Tedarikçi Seçimi

Year 2018, Issue: 39, 96 - 109, 01.02.2018

Ahmet Çalık

Abstract

Yeşil Tedarikçi Seçimi YTS son yıllarda şirketler, araştırmacılar ve müşteriler tarafından, yasal düzenlemeler, artan müşteri bilinci, sivil toplum kuruluşları, kamusal ve sosyal sorumluluklar nedeniyle artan bir ilgiyle karşı karşıyadır. Tedarikçi seçimi tedarik zinciri yönetiminde rol oynayan en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Tedarikçilerin çevresel performansının iyileştirilmesi yeşil tedarik zincirlerinin geliştirilmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Tedarikçiler, herhangi bir işletmede üretim için gerekli olan hammaddeleri tedarik ettikleri için yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi performansını geliştirmede büyük bir öneme sahiptirler. Bu nedenle her geçen gün daha fazla işletme yeşil satın alma, yeşil paketleme ve tersine lojistik gibi iş performansını ve rekabet gücünü artırmaya yönelik çeşitli yeşil girişimlere yatırım yapmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, tedarikçi seçiminde fiyat, kalite, teslimat vb. geleneksel kriterler dikkate alınmakta tedarikçilerin yeşil performanslarını ölçmeye yönelik kriterler göz ardı edilmektedir. Firmaların performanslarını ve rekabet gücünü artırıcı amaçlarına ulaşabilmeleri için karar vericiler, YTS problemlerini çözmek için en iyi yöntemi uygulamalı ve en doğru kriterleri seçmelidirler. Genel olarak, yeşil tedarikçi değerlendirme ve seçim problemleri belirsizlik içermekte ve bulanık küme teorisi, çeşitli kriterlere göre tedarikçilerin değerlendirilmesi için dilsel değişkenleri kullanarak karar vericilerin tercihlerini ve görüşlerini anlamlı sonuçlara dönüştürmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Bilgi eksikliği, sınırlı sayıda niceliksel bilgi, şirketlerin özel bağlamları ve değişen tedarikçi geçmişleri nedeniyle YTS değerlendirme ve seçim problemleri zorlu bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada aralık tip-2 Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi BAHP yöntemi ve Bulanık Çok-Amaçlı Doğrusal Programlama BÇADP modeli kullanılarak yeşil tedarikçilerin performanslarının değerlendirilmesi için entegre bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Aralık tip-2 BAHP yöntemi karar vericilerin görüşlerindeki belirsizliği yansıtmada tip-1 bulanık kümelere göre daha uygundur ve ilk aşamada aralık tip-2 BAHP yöntemi kullanılarak YTS’nde ele alınan kriterlerin ağırlıkları elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise Maliyet, geç teslimat, salınımı, kirlilik üretimi ve çevre dostu malzeme kullanımı gibi amaçları içeren yeni bir BÇADP modeli önerilmiştir. Daha sonra BAHP yönteminden elde edilen ağırlıklar BÇADP modelinde kullanılarak optimal çözüm elde edilmiş ve tedarikçilerin değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin uygulanabilirliği bir örnek üzerinde gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

Aralık Tip-2 Bulanık Kümeler, Bulanık Çok-Amaçlı Doğrusal Programlama, Yeşil Tedarikçi Seçimi

Green Supplier Selection with Fuzzy Multi-Linear Programming and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP Method

Abstract

In recent years Green Supplier Selection GSS has been confronted increasingly attention by companies, researchers and customers in recent years due to legislations, increased customer awareness, non-governmental organizations, public and social responsibilities. Supplier selection is one of the most important factor playing a role in supply chain management. Improving the environmental performance of suppliers is a critical importance for development of green supply chains. Suppliers have a great importance for improving the performance of green supply chain management as they supply the raw materials required for production in any business. As a result, more and more organizations are investing in various green initiatives such as green purchasing, green packaging and reverse logistics to improve business performance and competitiveness. However, in supplier selection traditional criteria such as price, quality, delivery, etc. are taken into consideration and other criteria for measuring the green performance of suppliers are ignored. In order to achieve higher performance and competitiveness objectives, decision makers should apply the best method to solve the GSS problems and choose the most appropriate criteria. In general, the green supplier evaluation and selection problems are uncertain and the fuzzy set theory helps to convert decision makers' preferences and opinions into meaningful results using linguistic variables for the evaluation of suppliers according to various criteria. Due to lack of information, limited quantitative information, companies’ specific contexts, and changing supplier histories, GSS evaluation and selection problems are a challenging process. In this study, an integrated method using interval type-2 Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process FAHP method and Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming FMODP model is proposed for evaluating the performances of green suppliers. The interval type-2 FAHP method is more suitable than the type-1 fuzzy sets to reflect the uncertainty of decision makers' opinions and in the first stage weights of the criteria are obtained by using the interval type-2 FAHP method for the GSS. In the second stage, a new FMODP model is proposed consists of objectives such as cost, late delivery, emission, pollution production and usage of environmentally friendly material. Then weights obtained from the FAHP method are used in the FMODP model and the optimal solution is obtained for evaluation of suppliers. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated on an example

Keywords

Fuzzy Multi-Objective Liner Programming, Green Supplier Selection, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP

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