Sosyal Sürdürülebilirlik Açısından Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Uygulamaları

Year 2020, Issue: 44, 63 - 72, 01.08.2020

Gökhan Akandere

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, tedarik zinciri süreçlerinde çalışanların İş Güvenliği düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, tedarik zinciri süreçlerinde çalışan kadın ve erkeklerin İş Güvenliği düzeylerinin; cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, medeni durum bakımından karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmaya farklı işletmelerde çalışan 101 kadın ve 98 erkek toplam 199 çalışan dahil edildi. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanıldı. Araştırma verileri demografik sorular ve İş Güvenliği ise Williamson ve diğerleri 1997 tarafından geliştirilmiş olan "İş Güvenliği Ölçeği" aracılığıyla elde edildi. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde bağımsız değişkenler, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, medeni durum İş Güvenliği Ölçeği’nden elde edilen puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olup olmadığı Student t testi ve OneWayAnova testi kullanılarak tespit edildi. Araştırma bulgularına göre, medeni durum ve eğitim düzeyine göre katılımcılar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamamıştır. Ancak, cinsiyete göre katılımcılar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. İş güvenliğine yönelik gerekli çalışan katılımı ve farkındalığını oluşturmaya yönelik üst yönetim desteğine sahip olan işletmelerde çalışan erkek katılımcıların kadın çalışanlara iş güvenliği süreçlerine daha fazla katıldığı belirlenmiştir. İş güvenliğine yönelik yapılan eğitimlerin, çalışanları daha güvende çalıştıklarını hissettirdiği ve erkek çalışanların tedarik zinciri süreçlerindeki güvenli hissetme seviyelerinin kadın çalışanlarınkinden daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, erkek katılımcıların tedarik zinciri süreçlerinde kadın çalışanlara göre daha riskli faaliyetlerde görev aldığı ve herkesin kaza yapmak konusunda eşit riske sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma ile yöneticiler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarını stratejik ve doğal bir yaklaşım olarak bütünleştirerek, gerçek ve sürekli iyileştirmelerin sağlanması ile ilgili sorunlara bir çözüm sağlayabilecektir.

Keywords

Sosyal Sürdürülebilirlik, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi

Occupational Health and Safety Applications in Supply Chain Management in Terms of Social Sustainability

Abstract

Social sustainability is the activity of establishing and controlling occupational health and safety standards and fulfilling respective legal, economic and ethical behavior values. With the ever increasing awareness of the management on social sustainability in the supply chain management, the businesses focuses on the applications such as health, safety and education, insufficient wages, poor working conditions, long working hours, disaster and emergency management scenarios, and hazard prevention plans. There is increasing interest in researches and practices related to the concept of occupational health and safety in order to improve the negative working and living conditions and to protect employee health. Today, the degree of suitability of working conditions in the businesses directly affects the health of employees. Occupational accidents and diseases may cause occupational risks, reduced employee satisfaction and motivation, and decreased operational performance. Therefore, the businesses should optimize their resources to maintain their competitiveness, prevent and control the occupational risks that may occur. The aim of this research is to examine the Occupational Safety levels of males and females working in supply chain processes. Accordingly, it aims to compare the occupational safety levels of women and men working in supply chain processes with regards to gender, educational status, and marital status. 199 participants, 101 women and 98 men, working in various businesses, were included in the research. In determining the participants, criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, was utilized. The research data were obtained through demographic questions, and Occupational Safety is performed through the “Occupational Safety Scale” developed by Williamson et al. 1997 . In the analysis of the data, Student’s t test and One Way Anova test were performed in order to determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between independent variables, gender, educational status, and marital status occupational safety scale. According to the research findings, no significant difference between the participants according to their marital status and education level is found. However, a significant difference is found among the participants by gender. As a result, with this research, the managers will be able to integrate occupational health and safety practices as a strategic and natural approach and to provide a solution to problems related to real and continuous improvements. This research article is prepared in accordance with Research and Publication Ethics

Keywords

Social Sustainability, Occupational Health and Safety, Supply Chain

References

• Alvarez-Santos, J., Miguel-Davila, J. A., Herrera, L., & Nieto, M. (2018). “Safety management system in TQM environments”, Safety science, 101, 135-143.
• Charles, F. Redinger and Steven P. Levine. (2010) “Development and Evaluation of The Michigan Occupational Health and Safety Management System Assessment Instrument: A Universal OHSMS Performance Measurement Tool”, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 59:8, 572-581.
• Cole, R., & Aitken, J. (2019). “The role of intermediaries in establishing a sustainable supply chain”, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 100533.
• Çalış, S., & Büyükakıncı, B. Y. (2019). “Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Applications and A System Planning Model”, Procedia Computer Science, 158, 1058-1066.
• Gallagher, C., Underhill, E. and Rimmer, M. (2001) “Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: A Review of their Effectiveness in Securing Healthy and Safe Workplaces”, National Occupational Health and Safety Commission Sydney, 1-82.
• Gallagher, C., Underhill, E., Rimmer, M., (2003). “Occupational safety and health management systems in Australia: barriers to success”, Policy Pract. Health Saf. 1 (2), 67–81.
• Goh, Y.M., Chua, D., (2013). “Neural network analysis of construction safety management systems: a case study in Singapore”, Constr. Management Economy 31, 460–470.
• Griffin, M.A., Neal, A., (2000). “Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation”, Journal of Occupational Health and Psychology 5, 347–358.
• Hale, A. R., Guldenmund, F. W., Van Loenhout, P. L. C. H., & Oh, J. I. H. (2010). “Evaluating safety management and culture interventions to improve safety: Effective intervention strategies”, Safety Science, 48(8), 1026–1035.
• Heinrich, H.W., Petersen, D., Roos, N., (1980). Industrial Accident Prevention: A Safety Management Approach, fifth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
• Hofmann, D., Jacobs, R., Landy, F., (1995). “High reliability process industries: individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance”, Journal of Safety Research 26, 131–149.
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO). https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html (Date of access: 27.01.2020)
• Kogi, K., (2002). “Work improvement and occupational safety and health management systems: common features and research needs”, Ind. Health 40, 121–133.
• Li, Y., & Guldenmund, F. W. (2018). “Safety management systems: A broad overview of the literatüre”, Safety science, 103, 94-123.
• Munny, A. A., Ali, S. M., Kabir, G., Moktadir, M. A., Rahman, T., & Mahtab, Z. (2019). “Enablers of social sustainability in the supply chain: An example of footwear industry from an emerging economy”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 230-242.
• Osh Academy, U. K., (2017). Developing a construction safety management system [Online]. Beaverton, Oregon 97006. Available:(Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2019).
• Robson, L. S., Clarke, J. A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P. L., & Mahood, Q. (2007). “The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions: A systematic review”, Safety Science, 45(3), 329–353.
• Thomas, M.J., (2011). “A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Safety Management Systems (AR-2011-148)”. Retrieved from Australian Transport Safety Bureau.
• Vargas, J. R. C., Mantilla, C. E. M., & de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2018). “Enablers of sustainable supply chain management and its effect on competitive advantage in the Colombian context”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 139, 237-250.
• Vinodkumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. (2010). “Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 2082-2093.
• Willamson ,A.M, Feyer . A,M,Caims ,D., & Biancotti,D. (1997). “The development of a mesure of safety climate.The role of safety perceptions and attitudes”, Safety Science , 25, 15-27.
• Winge, S., Albrechtsen, E., & Arnesen, J. (2019). “A comparative analysis of safety management and safety performance in twelve construction projects”, Journal of safety research, 71, 139-152.
• Yiu, N. S., Chan, D. W., Shan, M., & Sze, N. N. (2019). “Implementation of safety management system in managing construction projects: Benefits and obstacles”, Safety science, 117, 23-32.
• Yu, S.C., Hunt, B., 2002. “Safety management systems in Hong Kong: is there anything wrong with the implementation?”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 17, 588–592.
• Zhang, M., Tse, Y. K., Doherty, B., Li, S., & Akhtar, P. (2018). “Sustainable supply chain management: Confirmation of a higher-order model”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 128, 206-221.