Çıkış Yok: Alan Ayckbourn’un Oyunlarında Evliliğe Mahkum Edilmişler: Diğer Yarım Nasıl Sever ve Bahçe

Year 2023, Issue: 51, 408 - 420, 31.08.2023

Eda Bayrakçı

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1290179

Abstract

Geleneksel komedi unsurlarını kullanan Alan Ayckbourn, her ne kadar bir fars yazarı olarak tasvir edilebilse de, How the Other Half Loves ve Garden, gelenekleri yıkarak evlilik bağı içinde mağdur olan evli çiftlerin trajedisine dönüşür. İlk bakışta, stereotip olarak çizilen karakterler, bireysellik ve derinlik duygularını içeren monologları aracılığıyla evliliğe hapsolmuş karakterlere dönüşür. Alan Ayckbourn, orta sınıf evliliğindeki çaresizliği sahnede birden fazla kapana kısılmış evli çift modeliyle göstermek amacıyla zaman ve mekanın yer değiştirmesini kullanmakta ustadır. Evlilik doyumsuzluğu, ihanet, yalnızlık, iletişimsizlik, çiftler arasındaki yabancılaşma modern dünyada son derece ciddi sorunlar olsa da Alan Ayckbourn'u çağdaşları arasında öne çıkaran becerisi bu sorunu yalın ve komik bir dille ortaya koymasıdır. Ayckbourn, evli çiftlerin maskelerini ve ikiyüzlülüklerini bulundukları alana göre değişen farklı perspektiflerden gösterir. Ev, evlilik bağının mahkumlarının kapana kısıldığı alan olarak çizilirken, bahçe hem kelimenin tam anlamıyla hem de mecazi olarak evlilik mahkumların evlilik hapishanesinin yüklerinden ve zorluklarından kaçabilecekleri alan olarak resmedilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Alan Ayckbourn'un gözlem yeteneği ile gelenekleri yıkmak için geleneksel yöntemler kullanma becerisini birleştirerek, gerçek evliliklerde görülen evlilikte doyumsuzluk, aldatma ve gerçeklerden kaçma tavırlarını eserlerinde konu ederek, Ayckbourn karakterleri ile bunları canlı bir şekilde eserlerinde sunduğunu göstermektir.

Keywords

Alan Ayckbourn, How the Other Half Loves, The Garden, Evlilikte Doyumsuzluk, Aldatma, Kaçış

No-Way Out: Being Entrapped in Wedlock Plays of Alan Ayckbourn: How the Other Half Loves and The Garden

Abstract

Alan Ayckbourn using traditional devices of farcical comedy can be depicted as a farceur, yet via breaking the conventions, How the Other Half Loves and The Garden turn into a tragedy of the married who became victims within their dissatisfactory marriage. The characters initially drawn as stereotypes develop into characters entrapped in marriage through their monologues including emotions. Ayckbourn has a mastery in employing displacement of time and place to illustrate the desperation in middle-class marriage via modelling entrapped married couples on stage. Although marital dissatisfaction, infidelity, lack of communication between couples are serious problems in modern world, Ayckbourn’s presenting this problem humorously makes him outstanding among his contemporaries. Ayckbourn visualizes hypocritical faces of the married from different perspectives changing in accordance with the sphere. House is the sphere where prisoners of marriage bond are trapped while garden depicted as the outside of marriage both literally and metaphorically is the sphere where married imprisoners can escape from the burdens and the hardships of marriage. The purpose of this paper is to show central themes of marital dissatisfaction, infidelity and escapists manners of Ayckbourn’s characters illustrated vividly by Ayckbourn through his skillful observation and employing traditional devices to break the conventions.

Keywords

Alan Ayckbourn, How the Other Half Loves, The Garden, Marital Dissatisfaction, Infidelity, Escapism

References

• Allen, P. (2002). Alan ayckbourn: Grinning at the edge. Continuum pub.
• Allen, P. (2004). A Pocket Guide to Alan Ayckbourn's Plays. London: Faber&faber.
• Ayckbourn, A. (1978). How the other half loves. Samuel French.
• Ayckbourn, A. (2000). House & Garden. London: Faber and Faber.
• Ayckbourn, A. (2023, April 5). In His Own Words: Marriage. Retrieved from Alan Ayckbourn Official Website: http://biography.alanayckbourn.net/styled-30/page-30/BiographyShort.html
• Baumeister, R. F. (1990, January). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological review, 97(1), s. 90. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1990-14898-001 adresinden alındı
• Berney, K. (. (1994). Contemporary British Dramatists. St. James P.
• Billington, M. (1990). Alan Ayckbourn. . Macmillan Press.
• Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F., & Beach, S. (2000, March 2). Research on the nature and determinants of marital satisfaction: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and The Family(62), pp. 964-980. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00964.x
• Bradbury, T., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Attributions in marriage: Review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), s. 3-33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.3
• Buckroyd, P. (1986, January). British Drama 1975-1985. Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature, 40(1/2), s. 49-66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1566602
• Canary, D., Stafford, L., & Semic., B. A. (2002, March 2). A Panel Study of the Associations between Maintenance Strategies and Relational Characteristics. Journal of Marriage and Family, pp. 395-406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00395.x
• Christensen, A., Eldridge, K., Catta-Preta, A., Lim, V., & Santagata, R. (2006, October 13). Cross-cultural consistency of the demand/withdraw interaction pattern in couples. Journal of Marriage and Family(68), pp. 395-406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00311.x
• Cohan, C., & Bradbury, T. (1997, July). Negative life events, marital interaction, and the longitudinal course of newlywed marriage. J. Personal Soc. Psychol.(73), s. 114-128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.73.1.114
• Demastes, W. (. (1996). British Playwrights, 1956-1995. Greenwood P.
• Dukore, B. F. (1991). Alan Ayckbourn: A Case Book. Garland pub.
• Falconier, M., JAckson, J., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015, December). Dyadic coping and Relationship Satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review(42), pp. 28-46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.002
• Fromm, E. (1994). Escape From Freedom. Holt Paperbacks.
• Glass, S. P., & Wright, T. L. (2010, January 11). Justifications for extramarital relationships: The association between attitudes, behaviors, and gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 29(3), pp. 361-387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499209551654
• Gottman, J. M., & Krokoff, L. J. (1989, February 1). Marital interaction and satisfaction: A longitudinal view. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(1), s. 47-52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.57.1.47
• Greene, S. M., Anderson, E. R., Forgatch, M. S., Degarmo, D. S., & Hetherington, E. M. (2017). Boşanmadan Sonra Risk ve Dayanıklılık. In F. W. (Ed.), Normal Aile Süreçleri: Büyüyen çeşitlilik ve karmaşıklık (M.Kaya, Trans.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2006, December). Relationship dissolution following infidelity: The roles of attributions and forgiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(5), s. 508-522. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.5.508
• Hawkins, D., & Booth, A. (2005). Unhappily ever after: Effects of long-term, low: Effects of long-term, low-quality marriages on well-being. Social Forces(84(1)), s. 451-471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0103
• Holt, M. (1999). Alan Ayckbourn. Northcote House.
• Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005, February). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 31(5), s. 409-424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230591006719
• Mansour, W. (1988). Alan Ayckbourn: An Appreciation. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara : Hacettepe Üniversitesi .
• Moos, R. H., Finney, J. W., & Cronkite, R. C. (1990). Alcoholism Treatment: Context, Process, and Outcome. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-98391-000
• Munsch, C. L., & Willer, R. (2012, October). The Role of Gender Identity Threat in Perceptions of Date Rape and Sexual Coercion. Violence Against Women, 18(10), s. 1125–1146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801212465151
• Prins, K. S., Buunk, B. P., & VanYperen, N. W. (1993, February). Equity, Normative Disapproval and Extramarital Relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 10(1):39-53, 10(1), pp. 39-53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407593101003
• Rands, M., Levinger, G., & Mellinger, G. D. (1981, September). Patterns of conflict resolution and marital satisfaction. Journal of Family Issues,, 2(3), pp. 297-321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X8100200303
• Renne, K. S. (1970, February). Correlates of dissatisfaction in marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32(1), s. 54-67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/349972
• Rusinko, S. (1989). British Drama 1950 to the Present: A Critical History. Twayne Pub.
• Smith, L. (1989). Modern British Farce: A selective study of British farce from Pinero to the present day. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Waite, L. J., & Joyner, K. (2001, March 2). Emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure in sexual unions: Time horizon, sexual behavior, and sexual exclusivity. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), s. 247-264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00247.x
• Wandor, M. (1993). Drama Today: A Critical Guide to British Drama 1970-1990. Longman.
• Whisman, M. A. (1999). Marital dissatisfaction and psychiatric disorders: results from the National Survey. Journal of abnormal psychology, 108(4), s. 701-706. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.701
• White, S. (1984). Alan Ayckbourn. Twayne English Authors Series.
• Woody, W. C. (2018, May). Escapism, control, and the discernment of desires. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 38(2), s. 116–119. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2018-19655-004 adresinden alındı.