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Popular Culture and The Korean Wave in Political Communication: Excerpts From K-Pop and User Comments During The May 14-28 2023 Turkey Elections

Year 2024, Issue: 55, 302 - 324, 30.12.2024

Senem Yılmaz , Onur Bekiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1534255

Abstract

The relationship between political communication and popular culture is historically and currently intertwined. New media and digital communication have diversified and globalized this relationship. As a recent example, user comments on the Justice and Development Party's political advertisements titled “Respect/AK Party” and “Respect II/AK Party” with K-pop music, which were broadcast on the official YouTube channel during the elections of May 14-28, 2023, were qualitatively analyzed. In the research, in which data was collected on YouTube using MAXQDA program, 1255 of the 4,056 user comments made between 28.04.2023 and 13.05.2023, including K-pop content, were selected as a sample and analyzed in seven categories. It was found that 92.8% of user comments in different categories were positive. In a significant portion of the user comments in a negative and critical context, the criticism that the AK Party displays a contradictory attitude by using K-pop content in its political advertisement instead of K-pop comes to the fore. In terms of political participation, a significant portion of positive user comments are in the dimension of online minimalist political participation. User comments stating that bringing K-pop bands to Turkey is a condition for voting intentions were evaluated as motivational forms of political participation.

Keywords

K-pop Political Communication Popular Culture Political Participation Korean Wave Respect/AK Parti - Respect II/AK Parti

References

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Siyasal İletişimde Popüler Kültür ve Kore Dalgası: 14-28 Mayıs 2023 Türkiye Seçimlerinde K-Pop’tan Kesitler ve Kullanıcı Yorumları

Year 2024, Issue: 55, 302 - 324, 30.12.2024

Senem Yılmaz , Onur Bekiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1534255

Abstract

Siyasal iletişim ve popüler kültür ilişkisi, hem tarihsel hem de aktüel olmak üzere girift bir niteliğe sahiptir. Yeni medya ve dijital iletişim ekosistemi, bu ilişkiyi ve kullanım biçimlerini hem çeşitlendirmiş hem de ölçeğini küresel boyuta taşımıştır. Bu bağlamda güncel bir örnek olarak; Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin 14-28 Mayıs 2023 seçimlerinde resmi YouTube kanalında yayınladığı “Respect/AK Parti” ve “Respect II/AK Parti” başlıklı ve bir K-pop şarkısının arka plan müziği olarak kullanıldığı siyasal reklam videolarına yönelik kullanıcı yorumları üzerine nitel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. MAXQDA programı kullanılarak YouTube üzerinden verilerin toplandığı araştırma kapsamında 28.04.2023 ile 13.05.2023 tarihleri arasında yapılan 4.056 kullanıcı yorumundan K-pop içeriğini barındıran 1255’i örneklem olarak belirlenmiş ve bunlar yedi ana kategoride kodlanarak analiz edilmiştir. Farklı kodlama kategorilerinin toplamı üzerinden incelendiğinde; kullanıcı yorumlarının %92,8 oranında olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Olumsuz ve eleştirel bir bağlama sahip olan kullanıcı yorumlarının önemli bir bölümünde ise bizzat K-pop’un kendisine yönelik bir olumsuzlamadan ziyade AK Parti’nin siyasal reklamında K-pop içeriği kullanarak çelişkili bir tavır sergilediği eleştirisi öne çıkmaktadır. Siyasal katılım açısından bakıldığında; olumlu kullanıcı yorumlarının önemli bir bölümünün, çevrim içi bağlamda minimalist siyasal katılım boyutuna karşılık gelirken, K-pop gruplarının Türkiye’ye getirilmesini oy verme niyetinin bir koşulu olarak belirten kullanıcı yorumlarının ise motivasyonel siyasal katılım biçimi olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

K-pop Siyasal İletişim Popüler Kültür Siyasal Katılım Kore Dalgası Respect/AK Parti - Respect II/AK Parti

References

  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Resmi YouTube Kanalı. (2023a). "Respect/AK Parti." 28 Nisan. Erişim tarihi 10 Ekim 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHNA1ZQuf8E.
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  • Andini, A. N., ve Akhni, G. N. (2021). "Exploring youth political participation: K-pop fan activism in Indonesia and Thailand." Global Focus 1 (1): 38-55.
  • Astuti, P. A. A. (2016). "Freedom of expression through social media and the political participation of young voters: a case study of elections in Jakarta, Indonesia." Socrates: 4 (4) (2016) Issue-December 4: 74.
  • Atmış, O. (2021). "Muhafazakâr ailelerin çocukları K-pop ve Kore dizilerinden niye etkileniyor?" Erişim tarihi 01 Mart 2024. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/muhafazakar-ailelerin-cocuklari-k-pop-ve-kore-dizilerinden-niye-etkileniyor-1859553.
  • Battista, D. (2023). "For better or for worse: politics marries pop culture (Tiktok and the 2022 Italian elections)." Society Register 7 (1): 117-142.
  • Binark, M. (2019). Kültürel diplomasi ve Kore dalgası "Hallyu", Güney Kore'de sinema endüstrisi, K-dramalar ve K-pop. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Blankenship, C. ve Renard, S. (2017). "Pop songs on political platforms." Journal of Popular Music Studies 29. 1-36. DOI: 10.1111/jpms.12222.
  • Boyd, M. S. (2014). "(New) participatory framework on youtube? commenter interaction in us political speeches." Journal of Pragmatics 72: 46-58.
  • Brader, T. (2005). "Striking a responsive chord: how political ads motivate and persuade voters by appealing to emotions." American Journal of Political Science DOI: 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x.
  • Bruner, R. (2020). "How K-pop fans actually work as a force for political activism in 2020." Time, 25 Temmuz. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2023. https://time.com/5866955/k-pop-political/.
  • Cho, H. (2005). "Reading the ‘Korean wave’ as a sign of global shift." Korea Journal 45 (5): 147–182.
  • Cho, Y. (2011). "Desperately seeking east Asia amidst the popularity of Southkorean pop culture ın Asia." Cultural Studies 25 (3): 383-404.
  • Christiansen, P. (2016). "It’s morning again in America: How the tuesday team revolutionized the use of music in political ads." Music, Politics 10 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0010.105.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2021). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. Çevirenler M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Çildan, C., Ertemiz, M., Tumuçin H. K., Küçük E., ve Albayrak, D. (2012). "Sosyal medyanın politik katılım ve hareketlerdeki rolü." Akademik Bilişim 3 (1): 1-9.
  • Dahlgren, P., ve Alvares, C. (2013). "Political participation in an age of mediatisation." Javnost - The Public 20 (2): 47-65.
  • Damlapınar, Z. ve Balcı, Ş. (2014). Siyasal iletişim sürecinde seçimler, adaylar, imajlar. Konya: LiteraTürk Yayınları
  • Tria, D. (2023). "Indonesia’s K-pop devotees accuse politician of exploiting their fandom ahead of polls." 4 Ağustos. Benar News. Erişim tarihi 08 Kasım 2023. https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/politcians-exploit-k-pop-fan-base-08042023151632.html
  • Dynel, M. (2014). "Participation framework underlying Youtube ınteraction." Journal of Pragmatics 73: 37-52.
  • Effing, R., Hillegersberg, J. V., ve Huibers, T. (2011). "Social media and political participation: are Facebook, Twitter and Youtube democratizing our political systems?" In Electronic Participation: Third IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2011, Delft, The Netherlands, August 29–September 1, 2011. Proceedings 3, 25-35. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Galvan, J. (2021). "Fans of change: community organizing, the BTS ARMY and aspirational fandom." Sociology & Anthropology.1-60.
  • Galantowicz, S. M. (2021). "Understanding K-pop Twitter as a site of transnational social media activism." UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses, no. 104. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/castheses/104.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Advertising, Political Communication
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Senem Yılmaz 0000-0003-3301-5885

Onur Bekiroğlu 0000-0002-4526-358X

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date August 16, 2024
Acceptance Date October 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 55

Cite

APA Yılmaz, S., & Bekiroğlu, O. (2024). Siyasal İletişimde Popüler Kültür ve Kore Dalgası: 14-28 Mayıs 2023 Türkiye Seçimlerinde K-Pop’tan Kesitler ve Kullanıcı Yorumları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(55), 302-324. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1534255
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