Thomas Aquinas'ın İktisadî Düşüncesi: Faiz Yasağı, Ticaret, Özel Mülkiyet ve İdeal Fert Tipi

Abstract

Amaç - Bu makalenin amacı, anaakım iktisadın homo economicus modeline karşı, Aziz Thomas Aquinas'ın (1225–1274) iktisadi düşüncesini normatif açıdan daha zengin bir alternatif olarak yeniden inşa etmektir. Yöntem - Çalışma, Summa theologica'nın Secunda Secundae bölümünün yakın okumasına dayalı niteliksel bir doktrinel analiz yöntemi kullanmaktadır. Yaklaşım, skolastik iktisat literatürü ve çağdaş erdem etiği çalışmalarıyla diyalog kuran disiplinlerarası bir hermenötik çerçeveye yaslanmaktadır. Bulgular – Analiz dört temel bulguya ulaşmaktadır: Aquinas'ın teolojik antropolojisi araç-amaç ikiliğini aşmakta; adil fiyat doktrini hukuki bir ilke işlevi görmekte; faiz yasağı tözsel bir para teorisi sunmakta; özel mülkiyet anlayışı ise ortak iyi ile dengelenmektedir. Sonuç – Aquinas'ın çerçevesi, antika bir miras değil, iş etiği, dağıtımsal adalet ve iktisat felsefesindeki güncel tartışmalara kavramsal kaynak sunan canlı bir kaynaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İktisat teorisi, İktisat felsefesi, İktisadi düşünce JEL Kodları: B11, A13.

Keywords

• İktisat teorisi
• İktisat felsefesi
• İktisadi düşünce

Thomas Aquinas's Economic Thought: Usury, Commerce, Private Property, and the Ideal Human Type

Abstract

Purpose – This paper aims to reconstruct the economic thought of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) as a normatively richer alternative to the homo economicus model that underpins mainstream economics. Methodology – The study employs a qualitative doctrinal analysis based on a close reading of the Secunda Secundae of the Summa theologica. The approach rests on an interdisciplinary hermeneutic framework that engages in dialogue with scholastic economics scholarship and contemporary virtue ethics literature Findings – The analysis yields four principal findings: Aquinas's theological anthropology transcends the means-ends dichotomy; the doctrine of the just price functions as a juridical principle; the prohibition of usury articulates a substantive theory of money; and the conception of private property is balanced by the common good. Conclusions – Aquinas's framework is not an antiquarian legacy but a living tradition supplying conceptual resources for contemporary debates in business ethics, distributive justice, and the philosophy of economics. Keywords: Economic theory, Philosophy of economics, Economic thought JEL Codes: B11, A13.

Keywords

• Economic theory
• Philosophy of economics
• Economic thought

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