The Journal of Social Economic Research

Content of Publishing
The Journal of Social Economic Researchs includes original scientific papers. Excluding editorial works, all articles that will publish are subject to double-blind peer review process.

Aim and Scope
The aim of this Journal is to make a contribution to science by publishing high-qualified papers which have scientific importance. It is an independent, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access and online journal that aims to publish articles in all areas related to Economics, Business, Political Science and Public Administration, International Relations and International Trade. Articles must describe original data that have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere for publication. Papers that comply with the submission rules and scope of the journal are sent for scientific evaluation by at least two expert reviewers in the field. The Editorial Board members of the Journal of Social and Economic Research who discuss its suitability then take into account the comments of the reviewers for each submission. For the whole papers submitted, the editor-in-chief has the right of final decision. The publication board of the Journal makes commitment to be in conformity with the criteria of International Council of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and Committe on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Categorization of Subject: Social Sciences

Fields of Science: Business, Economy, Political Science and Public Administration, International Relations, International Trade, Finance, Operational Research and Management Science

Publication Language:
First Language: Turkish
Second Language: English

Content written in English and Latin Alphabet
- Article Title: Turkish & English
- Author’s Name: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
- Author’s Address: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
- Keywords: Turkish & English
- References: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)
- Full text: Turkish (in Latin Alphabet)

Article Submission
The submitted article must be in conformity with the aim and scope of the Journal. They must be original, unpublished and
manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation. Only one article is approved by each author for (in) the same volume. There is no time limit for approving article submissions.

Audience
Target Audience: professionals, experts, researchers, experts, and PhD students from all sub-fields of Economics and Administrative Science, as well as students and sector circles related to the field.

Price Policy
Carrying out of article process and article publishment in the Journal is free. No submission and processing fee is taken for the articles submitted or approved for publishing. Due to its publishing policy, the Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept sponsorship and advertisement. All expenses of the Journal are covered by Selcuk University Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science Faculty.

Copyright
The copyrights of articles published in the Journal of Social Economic Research belong to their authors. Authors permit the intellectual work they submit to be published by the Journal of Social Economic Research under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Originality of Articles
The Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept the works having been published anywhere before. However, the articles having been published in foreign languages might be put into process.

You can access the Turkish version of the Writing Guideline by clicking here.

You can access the Turkish version of the Article Template by clicking here.

You can access the English version of the Writing Guideline by clicking here.

You can access the English version of the Article Template by clicking here.

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulation mechanism that insists on honesty on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public confidence in scientific findings, and people's opinions being respected.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarize.
• They do not cite sources incorrectly.
• They do not hide objections that they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or hide data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and implement the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with Press Law, Intellectual and Artistic Works Law and Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive. The Journal of Social Economic Research has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It also undertakes to comply with the Decisions of the Türkiye Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Türkiye Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Republishing
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor returns this type of article without review. After that, the editor may impose an embargo on the author attempting to republish for a certain period of time, explain this situation to the public in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps as a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors cannot submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. The editor reserves the right to consult the other editor(s) receiving the article if he/she finds out this possible simultaneous submission. In addition, the editor may return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews, or take this decision by discussing it with the other relevant editor(s) and may decide not to accept article submissions from the authors for a certain period of time. It can also inform of the authors' employers or implement all of these measures together.

Plagiarism Prevention Control
Plagiarism is to present the ideas, methods, data, practices, writings, figures or works of others as their own work, in whole or in part, without attribution in accordance with scientific rules.
The Journal of Social Economic Research checks all submitted articles for plagiarism. The studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 15%. The main measure of similarity is that the author complies with the citation and quotation rules. Even though the similarity rate is 1%, if the citation and quotation are not duly made, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from the publication. This includes articles with possible irregularities and inconsistencies detected after publication.

Fraud
Fraud is to produce data that is not based on research, to edit or change the presented or published work on the basis of untrue data, to report or publish them, to make a research that has not been done appear as if it has been done.
Also, it is to falsify research records and obtained data, to present methods, devices and materials that are not used in the research as if they were used, not to evaluate data that are not suitable for the research hypothesis, to manipulate data and/or results in order to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, to falsify or shape.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
The Journal of Social Economic Research requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or material relating to human participants that is not legally available to the public should be subject to formal ethical review.
Handling Allegations of Research Abuse
The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. Editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research will take action to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct. In no event will the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research knowingly allow such abuse to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding the allegations.

Ethical Infringement Notices
When readers notice an important error or mistake in an article published in the Journal of Social Economic Research, or have any complaints about editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), they can send a notification via electronic mail iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr . We welcome applications as it will provide an opportunity for us to improve, and we respond quickly and constructively.

Revision, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider issuing a correction if minor errors are detected in the published article that do not affect the findings, comments, and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the article in case of major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. If there is a possibility of misuse of research or publication by the authors; If there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions did not investigate the incident, or if the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive, editors should consider issuing a statement of concern. The COPE and ICJME guidelines are considered with regard to correction, withdrawal or expression of concern.

Publication of Studies Based on Survey and Interview
The Journal of Social Economic Research adopts the principles of the Publication Ethics Committee (COPE) “Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors” and “Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers” in order to establish ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all branches of science that requires ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval should be obtained, this approval should be stated and documented in the article.)
2) In research that requires ethics committee permission, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, and also on one of the first/last pages of the article; In case reports, information about signing the informed consent/consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publishing Policy
A special issue can be published in our journal once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in a special issue are first subjected to editorial review. Then it is examined in terms of compliance with the writing rules of the journal and similarity is checked to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, it is taken into the peer review process in which the double-blind reviewing model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research treat all submitted papers as confidential documents. This means that they will not disclose information about an article to anyone without the permission of the authors. During the article review process, the following people can access the articles: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only situation in which details about a paper may be passed on to a third party without the consent of the authors is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspects of Scientific Misconduct
Scientific misconduct has different definitions. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis, while following the guidance established by the major editorial ethics institutions. If the editor suspects an ethical violation or if there is an alleged violation, they are obliged to take action. This task covers both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles that raise concerns about potential abuse. Ethically, it is obliged to follow the alleged lawsuits. The editor should follow the COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from anyone suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the answer, they should ask the relevant employers or institution to investigate. The editor should use all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is carried out. If this does not happen, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to persist in finding a solution to the problem. This is an arduous but important task.
The Journal of Social Economic Research adheres to COPE's Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Writing Occasions. Editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research; will take action to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data tampering, data fabrication, and other research misconduct occur. In no event will the Journal of Social Economic Research or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Social Economic Research become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding the allegations.
Reviewers should notify the Editor when they suspect research or publication misconduct. The editor is responsible for carrying out the necessary actions by following the COPE recommendations.
The Journal of Social Economic Research undertakes to apply it to COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar topics.
• What to do when republishing is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do in requests for change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when a suspected ethical violations is notified by means such as e-mail
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Social Economic Research or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement, and we aim to respond quickly, courteously and constructively.
The complaint must relate to the content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Social Economic Research or our editorial staff. Complaints should be emailed directly to iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr and will be treated confidentially. The editor immediately responds to complaints. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and if they cannot be resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that their complaint be forwarded to more senior member of the journal.
• Complaints can be forwarded to the editor-in-chief if the complainant is not satisfied.
• A full response will be given within two weeks if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will make it easier to resolve disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures are exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to reviews by editors and reviewers. If you think we rejected your article because we misunderstood the scientific content, please send an objection message to our editorial team at iibf.dergi@selcuk.edu.tr. Do not try to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your objection letter, we understand that your objection is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your article. Thus, your work is sent back to the external review process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider only one objection for each article, so please take the time and effort to write the letter in detail to make your objection clear. you have only one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged negotiation over rejected articles is often unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same work.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment regarding a primary interest may be affected by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that in order to make the best decision on how to handle an article, we need to know the competing interests of the authors and that if we publish the article, the readers should know them too.
Any financial or other interest that may conflict with one's work, significantly impair objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage to any person or entity. All financial support resources and the role of sponsors in the study should be explained during the conduct of the research and the preparation of the article. If there is no source of funding, this should also be stated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that need to be disclosed include consultations, hiring, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
The Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept submissions from editors, employees, or editorial board members to ensure unbiased review.
The editor should not be involved in decisions regarding articles with a conflict of interest, a shared interest, or written by family members. In addition, such work should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the ICMJE guidelines regarding disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
The Journal of Social Economic Research observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. The compliance of the articles with the ethical rules is the responsibility of the authors.
• Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in designing the research, reviewing the design, and conducting the research.
• The research team and participants, the purpose of the research, its methods, and possible uses should be fully informed about the necessities and risks, if any, of participating in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents should be ensured. Research should be designed in a way that preserves the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Damage to the participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that it does not put the participants at risk.
• Be clear about research independence; If there is a conflict of interest, it should be stated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent must be obtained from participants who decide to participate in the research. The consent of the legal guardian of children and custodians or those with a confirmed mental illness must be obtained.
• If the study will be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from that institution or organization.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the “methods” section that “informed consent” was obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted.

Carrying out of article process and article publishment in the Journal is free. No submission and processing fee is taken for the articles submitted or approved for publishing. Due to its publishing policy, the Journal of Social Economic Research does not accept sponsorship and advertisement. All expenses of the Journal are covered by Selcuk University Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science Faculty.