BAŞKENT İSTANBUL’DA (DERSAADET) İŞLEYEN TİCARET GEMİLERİNE YÖNELİK 1878 LİMAN NİZAMNAMESİ

Abstract

İstanbul’un fethi ile Osmanlı Devleti’nin başkenti İstanbul’a taşındı ve Asya ile Avrupa’nın iki yakasını birbirinden ayıran suyolu da Türk Boğazları oldu. Karadeniz’in kuzey sahillerine ulaştıktan sonra Boğazlar Çarlık Rusya’sı için bir güvenlik ve ticaret sorunu haline geldi. Lakin 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğine kadar Rusya’nın İstanbul ve Boğazlara yönelik tutkusu gerçekleşemedi fakat sona da ermedi. 1877-78 Savaşı Osmanlı Devleti için yıkıcı sonuçları da beraberinde getirirken, Rusya’ya Boğazları kontrol edebilme fırsatını sağladı. Dönemin denge politikası Rusya’nın Boğazlar’da askeri kontrol kurmasını engellemişti fakat 1878 yılından sonra Rus menşeli ticaret gemilerinin Boğazlar’da elde etmiş olduğu seyrüsefer serbestisi tartışılamaz bir realiteydi. Osmanlı Hükümeti Rusya etkisini mümkün olduğu kadar azaltmak ve yeni duruma uyum sağlamak amacıyla Boğazlar’da işleyen ticaret gemileri için yeni bir Nizamname yayınlamak zorunda kaldı. Yeni Nizamname yabancı ticaret gemileri için, yasalara aykırı bir şekilde limanları terk etmeleri halinde Osmanlı makamları tarafından kendilerine dokunulamaması dahil bazı hak ve kurallar getirmekteydi.

Keywords

• Türk Boğazları, Rusya, Dersaadet, limanlar, İngiltere

PORT DIRECTIVE OF 1878 FOR MERCHANT SHIPS OPERATING IN THE OTTOMAN CAPITAL (DERSAADET) ISTANBUL SEAPORTS

Abstract

After the conquest of Istanbul, Ottoman capital was relocated to this city and the multiconnectional waterways passing between Asia and Europa became the Turkish Straits. When reached to the northern coasts of the Black Sea, the Turkish Straits became a concern of security and commerce for Tsarist Russia. From the last decades of 19th century Russian desires on Istanbul and the Straits could not be fulfilled and until present day the desire to control the straits remains. The war of 1877-78 brought destructive consequences for the Ottomans and paved the way for Russia to have some control on maritime navigation through Straits. The balance of power during this period did not allow Russian military control over the Straits. However, it was an undeniable reality that Russian merchant ships had obtained freedom of navigation within the Straits after the year of 1878. In order to lessen Russian influence as much as possible and get adapted to new condition the Ottoman government was forced to issue a new regulation for the merchant ships operating in the Straits. The new directive brought some rules and rights for foreign vessels, including the one that limited the Ottoman government to impose penalties or retribution towards prohibited activities carried out by the Russian commercial ships..

Keywords

• Turkish Straits, Russia, Dersaadet, Ports, Britain

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