“SULH-İ MÜNFERİT”TEN “BİTARAFLARIN TAVASSUTU”NA: BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA ALMANYA VE MÜTTEFİKLERİNİN SULH STRATEJİLERİ

Abstract

Bu makalede, barışın bir savaş stratejisi, savaşın da bir barış stratejisi olduğu kabulünden hareketle, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Almanya ve müttefiklerinin literatürde ihmal edilen barış stratejileri ele alınmıştır. Savaşın başından 1916 yılı sonuna dek geçen dönemde münferit bir sulh stratejisinin izlendiği öne sürülmektedir. İtilaf devletleri arası anlaşmazlıklar ve savaşın gidişatına göre itilaf devletlerinin her biri müttefiklerinden kopabilecek ve münferit sulh yapılabilecek bir düşman olarak değerlendirilmiştir. 1916 yılı önce kamuoyu sonra diplomatik kanallar üzerinden müttefiklerin sonuçsuz kalan müzakere ve sulh tekliflerine sahne olmuştur. Nihayet savaşın iki blok arasında cereyan etmesi ve iki blok arasında diplomatik ilişkilerin yokluğu üçüncü tarafların aracılığı stratejisini gerekli kılmıştır. Başta ABD olmak üzere bitaraf devletler, ruhani otorite olarak papa ve muharip ülkelerden sosyalistler muharip taraflarca farklı biçimlerde yorumlanan ve karşılanan sulha aracılık girişimlerinde bulunmuşlardır.

Keywords

• I. Dünya Savaşı, Münferit Sulh, Sulh Teklifleri, Bitaraflar, Arabuluculuk

From “The Separate Peace” to “The Mediation of The Neutrals”: Peace Strategies of The Germany and Its Allies During The World War I according to The Journal of Servet-i Fünun

Abstract

In this article, starting from the assumption that peace is the strategy of war and also war is the strategy of peace; peace strategies of Germany and its allies during the World War I neglected in the literature are discussed in three categories. From the beginning of the war until the end of 1916, it is suggested that the strategy of separate peace was followed. Because of the disputes between the Entente states and according to the course of the war, each of the allies was considered as an enemy which can be detached from the Entente and make separate peace. The year of 1916 has been the scene of the inconclusive negotiation and peace proposals of the Allies in the public discussions first and then through diplomatic channels. Finally, the occurrence of the war between the two blocks and the absence of diplomatic relations between them necessitated the strategy of third parties’ mediation. Neutral states including USA, the pope as a spiritual authority and socialist representatives from combatant countries have attempted to mediate for peace which was interpreted in different ways by the belligerent parties.

Keywords

• World War I, The Separate Peace, Peace Offerings, Neutrals, Mediation

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