TÜRK DEMOKRASİ TARİHİ İNCELEMELERİNE BİR KATKI: SOSYAL DEMOKRAT FIRKASI’NIN VE PARTİ PROGRAMININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 49, 381 - 398, 21.08.2020

Yenal Ünal

https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.857506

Öz

Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası, mütareke döneminde kurulan siyasi fırkalardan biridir. Fırka, o dönemde büyük ümitler beslenilen Wilson İlkelerini temel alarak Osmanlı Devleti’ni çağın ihtiyaçları gereğince geliştirmek amacıyla kurulmuştur. Partinin merkezi İstanbul’dur. Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası’nın kuruluşu için 22 Aralık 1918’de resmî başvuruda bulunulmuştur. Partinin başkanı Öğretmen Doktor Hasan Rıza, Başkan Vekili Kazım, Başkan Vekili Emekli Tuğgeneral Halit, Genel Sekreter Yorgaki Habib, Kâtip Yardımcısı Doktor Lebib, Kasadar Cemal ve Kasadar Yardımcısı Salim’dir. Fırkanın üyeleri ise Mehmet Sait, Öğretmen Osman Nuri, Öğretmen Abdullah, Dava Vekili Cemil El-Subûti, Emekli Albay Hamdi, Kaptan Seyit Ali ve İbrahim Beylerdir. Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası, Türk siyasi tarihinde derin bir iz bırakmamakla birlikte Türk demokrasi tarihi adına kayda değer bir politik yapıdır. Çünkü günümüzde beşeri bilimciler tarafından üzerinde sıkça durulan sosyal demokrasi ve sosyal politika kavramlarının Osmanlı döneminden itibaren Türkiye’de tartışılmaya başladığını göstermesi bakımından bir kaynak hüviyeti taşımaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle sosyal demokrasi kavramı ve bu yönde oluşturulacak politikaların tesis edilmesi yolunda ilk girişimlerden birisi, bu fırka tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla parti, sosyal demokrasi tarihi araştırmalarında bir hedef noktası olmamakla birlikte; amaca gidiş yolunda tam bir işaret levhasıdır. Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası, mütareke döneminde kurulmuş olan diğer birçok siyasal parti gibi 1919 seçimlerinden sonra işlevselliğini yitirmiş ve Türk siyasi hayatından çekilmiştir. Uzun soluklu bir siyasi yapı hâline dönüşmeyi başaramamıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında ulaşılan en orijinal kaynaklar temelinde Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası ile fırka programı çeşitli açılardan analiz edilmiş ve bu konularda muhtelif değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası,, Sosyal Demokrasi,, Türk Demokrasi Tarih,, Hasan Rıza, 1919 Seçimleri

A CONTRIBUTION TO TURKISH HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY STUDIES: EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND ITS PROGRAM

Öz

The Social Democratic Party is one of the political groups established during the armistice period. The party was based on the Wilson Principles, where great hopes were nourished at that time, and was established to develop the Ottoman State in line with the needs of the age. The center of the party is Istanbul. An official application was filed on December 22, 1918 for the establishment of the Social Democratic Party. The head of the party was Hasan Rıza, who was both a teacher and a doctor, Deputy Chairmans of the party were Kazım and Retired Brigadier General Halit, the party's Secretary General was Yorgaki Habib, the party’s Assistant Scribe was Doctor Lebib, the party’s Cashier was Cemal and the party’s Deputy Cashier was Salim. The members of the party were Mehmet Sait, Teacher Osman Nuri, Teacher Abdullah, Attorney Cemil El-Subûti, Retired Colonel Hamdi, Captain Seyit Ali and İbrahim Bey. Although the Social Democratic Party does not leave a deep trace in Turkish political history, it is a remarkable political structure for the history of Turkish democracy; because it has a source identity in terms of showing the concepts of social democracy and social policy that are frequently emphasized by humanities today that began to be discussed in Turkey since the Ottoman era. In other words, the concept of social democracy and one of the first attempts to establish policies to be developed in this direction was carried out by this party. Therefore, the party is not a target point in the history of social democracy, but it is a signpost on the way to the goal. The Social Democratic Party, like many other political parties established during the armistice period, lost its functionality after the 1919 elections and withdrew from Turkish political life and it failed to turn into a long-term political structure. On the basis of the most original sources reached within the scope of this research, the Social Democratic Party and the party program were analyzed from various perspectives and various evaluations were made on these issues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Democratic Party,, Social Democracy,, Turkish Democracy History, Hasan Rıza, Elections of 1919

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