ECOWAS MÜDAHALELERİNİN BM ŞARTI MADDE 53 KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler’in (BM) esas amaçlarından olan uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin korunması görevi, BM Şartı’nın 24. maddesi uyarınca öncelikli olarak Güvenlik Konseyi’ne verilmiştir. Ancak, Şart›ın 52. ve 53. maddeleri, bölgesel anlaşma ve örgütlere kendi bölgelerinde barış ve güvenliğin korunması konusunda birtakım yetkiler tanımaktadır. BM’nin barışı koruma operasyonlarının karmaşıklığı ve devletlerin içinde bulunduğu durumların farklılığı, operasyonların yürütülmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Ruanda, Somali ve Yugoslavya’daki başarısız operasyonlar BM’ye duyulan güvenin sarsılmasına neden olmuş, bu da uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin sağlanmasında BM’nin kapasite eksikliğini ortaya çıkarmış ve bölgesel örgütlerin önemini artırmıştır. ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States), bölgesinde gerçekleştirdiği hiçbir müdahalede önceden BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin onayını almamasına rağmen, BM birçok kararı ile ECOWAS’ın faaliyetlerine olumlu tepkiler göstermiştir. Konsey, ECOWAS’ın müdahalede bulunduğu bölgelerde operasyonları daha sonra kendi kurduğu misyon ile güçlendirerek bölgesel örgüt ile BM›nin iş birliğini öngörmüştür. Bu şekilde Konsey, ECOWAS’ın ilgili bölgelerde yürüttüğü operasyonlara sonradan dâhil olup uluslararası barışı ve güvenliği koruma misyonunu gözlemci sıfatıyla sürdürmüştür. ECOWAS’ın gerçekleştirdiği müdahalelerin uluslararası hukuka uygun olup olmadığının cevabı açık değildir. BM’nin, müdahalelere ilişkin aldığı kararlarda yetki meselesine açıklık getirmesi ve gerekirse yorum yoluyla BM Şartı’nın ilgili maddesinin uygulamadaki birlik sebebiyle değiştiğini ifade etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu, BM’nin bölgesel örgütlerle iş birliğinde rolünü netleştirecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ECOWAS
• BM Şartı Madde 53
• bölgesel örgütler
• kuvvet kullanma
• uluslararası barış ve güvenlik

Evaluation of ECOWAS Interventions Under the Article 53 of the UN Charter

Öz

The task of maintaining international peace and security, which is one of the main objectives of the United Nations (UN), is given primarily to the Security Council in accordance with Article 24 of the UN Charter. However, articles 52 and 53 of the Charter grant certain powers to regional agreements and organizations to maintain peace and security in their regions. The complexity of UN peacekeeping operations and the diversity of situations in which states find themselves make it difficult to conduct operations. The unsuccessful operations of the UN in Rwanda, Somalia and Yugoslavia caused the trust in the UN to be shaken, which revealed the lack of capacity of the UN in ensuring international peace and security and increased the importance of regional organizations. Although ECOWAS has not previously received the approval of the UN Security Council for any intervention it carries out in its region, the UN has shown positive reactions to ECOWAS’s activities with many decisions. The Council envisaged the cooperation of the regional organization and the UN by strengthening the operations in the regions where ECOWAS intervened with the mission it established. In this way, the Council subsequently became involved in the operations carried out by ECOWAS in the relevant regions and continued its mission of maintaining international peace and security in an observer capacity. It is not clear whether the interventions carried out by ECOWAS are in accordance with international law. The UN must clarify the issue of authority in its decisions regarding interventions and, if necessary, state through interpretation that the relevant article of the UN Charter has changed due to uniformity in practice. This will clarify the role of the UN in cooperation with regional organizations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ECOWAS
• UN Charter Article 53
• regional organizations
• use of force
• international peace and security

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