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Armed Unmanned Aeri̇al Vehi̇cles and Legal Regulations in the Context Of International Law

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 37, 203 - 225, 01.01.2019

Öz

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles have become a preferred weapon in the field of defense by states. Some of preferences of using drones are: the entry of places where the military land forces could not access, due to remote control less loss of life and expenses. The United States has used drones especially after 11 September attacts. Not only the United States, but also states such as Turkey, Russia and Israel have unmanned aerial technology. There has been debate about the usege of unmanned aerial vehicles. This article will try to explain the legal regulations on unmanned aerial vehicles in international law.

Kaynakça

  • “İnternational Humanitarian Law and Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts”. The İnternatioanl Committee of the Red Cross, 31st İnternational Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, 48, 2011.
  • Albayrak Gökhan;İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları AçısındanYeni Terörizmle Mücadelede Hedef Alarak Öldürmeler (Yükseklisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, 2013), 2013.
  • Armed Activities on the Territory ofthe Congo (Dem. Rep. Congo v. Uganda) 2005 I.C.J. 168, H 146.
  • Bozkurt, Enver;Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanımı(3. Bası). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti, 2007.
  • Case Concerning Oil Platforms(Islamic Republic of Iran v United State of America), judgement, 2003
  • Cömert Resul, Avdan Uğur ve Şenkal Emre; “İnsansız Hava Araçlarının Kullanım Alanları ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler”. 2012.Web:https://www.researchgate. 18 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • Değirmenci Olgun ve Mavuş Ali ; Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Saldırı Suçu, Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Department of Justice White Paper. “Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa’ida or an Associated Force”,2011.
  • Doğan, İlyas; Devletler Hukuku, (2.Bası). Ankara: Astana Yayınları, 2013.
  • Hagger Meredith ve McCormack, Tim; “Regulating the Use of Unmanned Combat Vehicles: Are General Principles of International Humanitarian Law Sufficient?”. Journal of Law, Infornation and Science, 2011.
  • İnternet: Alston, Philip; “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, study on targeted killings”. (UN General Assembly A/HRC/14/24/Add.6. Web: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/ bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.24.Add6.pdf 5 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2010.
  • İnternet: “The Reservations to the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims”. International Review of the Red Cross, No. 849. Web: https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/ irrc_849_gaudreau-eng.pdf 2 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır, 2003.
  • İnternet: Demircioğlu, Beytullah; “Bush Doktrini”. Altınoluk
  • İnternet Arşivi, sayı: 204. Web: http://dergi.altinoluk.com/index. php?sayfa=yillar&MakaleNo=d204s046m1 22 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2003.
  • İnternet: Elizabeth Bone ve Christopher Bolkcom; “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress”.(Report for American Congress, 21 Kasım 2005). Web: https://fas.org/irp/crs/RL31872.pdf 29 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: Mayer, Jane ;“The Predator War- What are the risks of the C.I.A.’s covert drone program?” The Political Science. Web: http://www.newyorker. com/magazine/2009/10/26/the-predator-war 28 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2009.
  • İnternet: Waller, Douglas; “How the CIA Fights its New War” TIME. Web: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,183002,00.html 10 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2001.
  • Jahangir, Asma;“Civil and Political Rights, including the Questions of Disappearances and Summary Executions- Extrarjudicial, summary or arbitrary executions” UN Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/2003/3, 2003.
  • Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, ICJ, Advisory Opinion, 9 Temmuz 2004
  • Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, ICJ, No: 95, 8 Temmuz 1996
  • McNab Molly ve Matthews Megan; “Clarifying the Law Relating to Unmanned Drones and the Use of Force: The Relationships Between Human Rights, SelfDefence, Armed Conflict, and International Humnitarian Law”.Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 2011.
  • Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v US) (1986 ICJ).
  • O’Connell Marry Ellen ;The Rise of Drones II: Examining Legality of Unmanned Targeting”. One Hundred Eleventh Congress Second Session Serial No: 111- 120, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Marry Ellen; “Remarks:The Resort to Drones under International Law”.39 Denv J Int’l&Pol’y, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Mary Ellen; “Unlawful Killing with Combat Drones: a case study of Pakistan,2004-2009”. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-43, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Mary Ellen;Seductive Drones: Learning From a Decade of Lethal Operations”. J.L. Inf. & Sci. 21/2, 2011.
  • Paust Jordan J.; “Self-Defense Targetings of Non-State Actors and Permissibility of U.S. Use of Drones in Pakistan”. J. Transnational Law & Policy 19:2, 2010.
  • Paust, Jordan J;“Permissible Self-Defense Targeting and The Death Of Bin Laden” Denv J Int’l L & Pol’y 39, 2010.
  • Pazarcı, Hüseyin; Uluslararası Hukuk (14. Bası). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Prosecutor v Tadic, Case No: IT-94-T, Appeal, (ICTY) (15 Temmuz 1999). Schmitt, Michael N. ;“ Responding to Transnational Terrorism under the Jus ad Bellum: A Normative Framework”. In Schmitt T.M.C(ed), Essays on Law and War at the Fault Lines. The Hague: Asser Press, 2012.
  • Sterio, Milena; “The United States’ Use of Drones in the War on Terror: The (IL)Legality of Targeted Killings Under International Law”. Case W Res J Int’l L 45, 2012.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma; “Uluslararası Anarşiye Giden Yol: Uluslar arası Hukuk Açısından Önleyici Meşru Müdafaa Hakkı”. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 2/5, 2006.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma; Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalar. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2009.
  • UNGA,“Note by Secretary General, Follow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit” UN Doc A/59/565, 2002.
  • UNSC; “Security Council condemns in strongest terms attacks on US”. Press Release SC/7143, 2001.
  • Vogel, Ryan J ;“Drone Warfare and the Law of Armed Conflict” Denv. J.Int’l L.&Pol’y 39:1, 2010.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 37, 203 - 225, 01.01.2019

Öz

Günümüzde insansız hava araçları devletler tarafından savunma alanında become a preferred weapon in the field of çok tercih edilen bir silah haline gelmiştir. defense by states. Some of preferences of İnsansız hava araçlarının özellikle askeri kara using drones are: the entry of places where kuvvetlerinin giremediği yerlere girmesi, the military land forces could not access, due uzaktan kontrol edilmesi nedeniyle can to remote control less loss of life and expenses. kayıplarının olmaması ve daha az masraflı The United States has used drones especially olması tercih edilme nedenleri arasındadır. after 11 September attacts. Not only the United Özellikle de ABD’nin 11 Eylül saldırıları States, but also states such as Turkey, Russia sonrasında sık sık insansız hava araçlarını and Israel have unmanned aerial technology. kullandığı gözlenmektedir. Sadece ABD There has been debate about the usege of değil, Türkiye, Rusya, İsrail gibi devletler unmanned aerial vehicles. This article will try de insansız hava teknolojisine sahiptir. Her to explain the legal regulations on unmanned ne kadar devletler insansız hava araçlarını aerial vehicles in international law.kullansalar da, bazı durumlarda kullanılıp kullanılmayacağı tartışmalıdır. Bu makale de uluslararası hukukta insansız hava araçları hakkındaki hukuki düzenlemeleri açıklamaya çalışacaktır

Kaynakça

  • “İnternational Humanitarian Law and Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts”. The İnternatioanl Committee of the Red Cross, 31st İnternational Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, 48, 2011.
  • Albayrak Gökhan;İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları AçısındanYeni Terörizmle Mücadelede Hedef Alarak Öldürmeler (Yükseklisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, 2013), 2013.
  • Armed Activities on the Territory ofthe Congo (Dem. Rep. Congo v. Uganda) 2005 I.C.J. 168, H 146.
  • Bozkurt, Enver;Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanımı(3. Bası). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti, 2007.
  • Case Concerning Oil Platforms(Islamic Republic of Iran v United State of America), judgement, 2003
  • Cömert Resul, Avdan Uğur ve Şenkal Emre; “İnsansız Hava Araçlarının Kullanım Alanları ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler”. 2012.Web:https://www.researchgate. 18 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • Değirmenci Olgun ve Mavuş Ali ; Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Saldırı Suçu, Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Department of Justice White Paper. “Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa’ida or an Associated Force”,2011.
  • Doğan, İlyas; Devletler Hukuku, (2.Bası). Ankara: Astana Yayınları, 2013.
  • Hagger Meredith ve McCormack, Tim; “Regulating the Use of Unmanned Combat Vehicles: Are General Principles of International Humanitarian Law Sufficient?”. Journal of Law, Infornation and Science, 2011.
  • İnternet: Alston, Philip; “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, study on targeted killings”. (UN General Assembly A/HRC/14/24/Add.6. Web: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/ bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.24.Add6.pdf 5 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2010.
  • İnternet: “The Reservations to the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims”. International Review of the Red Cross, No. 849. Web: https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/ irrc_849_gaudreau-eng.pdf 2 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır, 2003.
  • İnternet: Demircioğlu, Beytullah; “Bush Doktrini”. Altınoluk
  • İnternet Arşivi, sayı: 204. Web: http://dergi.altinoluk.com/index. php?sayfa=yillar&MakaleNo=d204s046m1 22 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2003.
  • İnternet: Elizabeth Bone ve Christopher Bolkcom; “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress”.(Report for American Congress, 21 Kasım 2005). Web: https://fas.org/irp/crs/RL31872.pdf 29 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: Mayer, Jane ;“The Predator War- What are the risks of the C.I.A.’s covert drone program?” The Political Science. Web: http://www.newyorker. com/magazine/2009/10/26/the-predator-war 28 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2009.
  • İnternet: Waller, Douglas; “How the CIA Fights its New War” TIME. Web: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,183002,00.html 10 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır, 2001.
  • Jahangir, Asma;“Civil and Political Rights, including the Questions of Disappearances and Summary Executions- Extrarjudicial, summary or arbitrary executions” UN Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/2003/3, 2003.
  • Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, ICJ, Advisory Opinion, 9 Temmuz 2004
  • Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, ICJ, No: 95, 8 Temmuz 1996
  • McNab Molly ve Matthews Megan; “Clarifying the Law Relating to Unmanned Drones and the Use of Force: The Relationships Between Human Rights, SelfDefence, Armed Conflict, and International Humnitarian Law”.Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 2011.
  • Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v US) (1986 ICJ).
  • O’Connell Marry Ellen ;The Rise of Drones II: Examining Legality of Unmanned Targeting”. One Hundred Eleventh Congress Second Session Serial No: 111- 120, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Marry Ellen; “Remarks:The Resort to Drones under International Law”.39 Denv J Int’l&Pol’y, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Mary Ellen; “Unlawful Killing with Combat Drones: a case study of Pakistan,2004-2009”. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-43, 2010.
  • O’Connell, Mary Ellen;Seductive Drones: Learning From a Decade of Lethal Operations”. J.L. Inf. & Sci. 21/2, 2011.
  • Paust Jordan J.; “Self-Defense Targetings of Non-State Actors and Permissibility of U.S. Use of Drones in Pakistan”. J. Transnational Law & Policy 19:2, 2010.
  • Paust, Jordan J;“Permissible Self-Defense Targeting and The Death Of Bin Laden” Denv J Int’l L & Pol’y 39, 2010.
  • Pazarcı, Hüseyin; Uluslararası Hukuk (14. Bası). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Prosecutor v Tadic, Case No: IT-94-T, Appeal, (ICTY) (15 Temmuz 1999). Schmitt, Michael N. ;“ Responding to Transnational Terrorism under the Jus ad Bellum: A Normative Framework”. In Schmitt T.M.C(ed), Essays on Law and War at the Fault Lines. The Hague: Asser Press, 2012.
  • Sterio, Milena; “The United States’ Use of Drones in the War on Terror: The (IL)Legality of Targeted Killings Under International Law”. Case W Res J Int’l L 45, 2012.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma; “Uluslararası Anarşiye Giden Yol: Uluslar arası Hukuk Açısından Önleyici Meşru Müdafaa Hakkı”. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 2/5, 2006.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma; Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalar. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2009.
  • UNGA,“Note by Secretary General, Follow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit” UN Doc A/59/565, 2002.
  • UNSC; “Security Council condemns in strongest terms attacks on US”. Press Release SC/7143, 2001.
  • Vogel, Ryan J ;“Drone Warfare and the Law of Armed Conflict” Denv. J.Int’l L.&Pol’y 39:1, 2010.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Seher Çakan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakan, S. (2019). ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi(37), 203-225.
AMA Çakan S. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ. TAAD. Ocak 2019;(37):203-225.
Chicago Çakan, Seher. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 37 (Ocak 2019): 203-25.
EndNote Çakan S (01 Ocak 2019) ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 37 203–225.
IEEE S. Çakan, “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ”, TAAD, sy. 37, ss. 203–225, Ocak 2019.
ISNAD Çakan, Seher. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 37 (Ocak 2019), 203-225.
JAMA Çakan S. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ. TAAD. 2019;:203–225.
MLA Çakan, Seher. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 37, 2019, ss. 203-25.
Vancouver Çakan S. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLI İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI VE HUKUKİ DÜZENLEMELERİ. TAAD. 2019(37):203-25.