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Simulation and God

Year 2024, Issue: 42, 1 - 13

Abstract

As simulations become more prevalent in different aspects of human life, philosophical discourse persists regarding the plausibility of our universe serving as a simulation created by posthuman entities. While the creation of such a complex simulated universe may presently appear beyond the scope of contemporary technology, many philosophers and scientists speculate about its potential feasibility. Indeed, proponents led by Nick Bostrom assert that the likelihood of our universe existing within a simulation is profoundly plausible.
The possibility of our universe being a simulation raises the idea that the universe has a creator, but this creator is not God, unlike classical theism. On the other hand, some philosophers equate the creator of the simulation with God. While certain proponents employ the simulation hypothesis to argue for the absence of God, others contend that it offers compelling evidence for God's existence. Hence, it becomes evident that the theological dimensions of this issue warrant careful consideration alongside its philosophical discourse.
This article provides a concise assessment of Matrix-type simulation thought, rooted in mind-body dualism, and Bostrom-type simulation thought, founded on mind-body unity, within the frameworks of polytheism, deism, the theory of emanation, and theism.

References

  • Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
  • Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 5. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Avcı, Ergün. “Antik Mağaradan Sanal Mağaraya: Metaverse.” Beytulhikme 12, no. 4 (2022): 981–1006.
  • Barrow, John D. “Living in a Simulated Universe.” In Universe or Multiverse?, edited by Bernard Carr, 481–86. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations. Translated by Sheila Faria Glaser. USA: The University of Michigan Press, 1994.
  • Bostrom, Nick. “A Patch for the Simulation Argument.” Analysis 71, no. 1 (2011): 54–61.
  • ———. “Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?” Philosophical Quarterly 53, no. 211 (2003): 243–55.
  • Chalmers, David J. Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2022.
  • ———. “The Matrix as Metaphysics.” In Philosophers Explore the Matrix, edited by Christopher Grau, 132–70. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ———. “The Virtual and the Real.” Disputatio 9, no. 46 (2017): 309–52.
  • Descartes, René. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch. Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • ———. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
  • ———. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes (The Correspondence). Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny. Vol. III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Durusoy, Ali. İbn Sinâ Felsefesinde İnsan ve Alemdeki Yeri. 3rd ed. İstanbul: M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2012.
  • Fredkin, Edward. “Digital Mechanics: An Informational Process Based on Reversible Universal CA.” In Cellular Automata: Theory and Experiment, edited by H. Gutowitz, 254–70. North Holland, The Netherlands, 1990.
  • Grupp, Jeff. “The Implantation Argument: Simulation Theory Is Proof That God Exists.” Metaphysica 22, no. 2 (2021): 189–221.
  • Hasker, William. “Human Freedom and the Problem of Evil.” Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53, no. 1 (2012): 167–81.
  • İbn Sina. En-Necât. Edited by Macit Fahri. Beyrut, 1985.
  • ———. Eş-Şifâ: El-İlâhiyyât. Edited by İbrahim Medkûr. Kahire, 1961.
  • ———. Et-Ta’lîkât. Edited by Abdurrahman Bedevî. Beyrut: Daru’l-İslâmiyye, 1973.
  • ———. İşaretler ve Tembihler. Translated by Muhittin Macit, Ali Durusoy, and Ekrem Demirli. İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Irwin, Klee, Marcelo Amaral, and David Chester. “The Self-Simulation Hypothesis Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.” Entropy 22, no. 2 (2020): 247.
  • Lloyd, Seth. “Computational Capacity of the Universe.” Physical Review Letters 88, no. 23 (2002): 237901–4. Margolus, Norman. “Looking at Nature as a Computer.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 42, no. 2 (2003): 309–27.
  • Metropolis, Nicholas, and Stanislaw Ulam. “The Monte Carlo Method.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 44, no. 247 (1949): 335–41.
  • Moravec, Hans. “Simulation, Consciousness, Existence.” Intercommunication 28 (1999): 98–112.
  • Platon. Devlet. Translated by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2016.
  • Putnam, Hilary. Reason, Truth and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • Searle, John. “Minds, Brains, and Programs.” The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (1980): 417–57.
  • Steinheart, Eric. “Theological Implications of the Simulation Argument.” Ars Disputandi 10, no. 1 (2010): 23–37.
  • Swinburne, Richard. “Bayes, God, and the Multiverse.” In Probability in the Philosophy of Religion, edited by Jake Chandler and Victoria S. Harrison, 103–23. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • Tooley, Michael. “Alvin Plantinga and the Argument from Evil.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, no. 4 (1980): 360–76.
  • Weatherson, B. “Are You a Sim?” The Philosophical Quarterly 53 (2003): 425–31.
  • Willows, Adam M. “Augustine, the Origin of Evil and the Mystery of Free Will.” Religious Studies 50, no. 2 (2014): 255–69.
  • Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “Bezm-i Elest.” In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, VI:106–8, n.d.
  • Yılmaz, Aykut Alper. “Simulation Hypothesis and Theism: An Assessment in the Context of Multiverse.” Eskiyeni 55 (2023): 992–1006.

Simülasyon ve Tanrı

Year 2024, Issue: 42, 1 - 13

Abstract

Simülasyonların, insan hayatının hemen her alanında yaygın bir biçimde kullanılmaya başladığı günümüzde, içinde bulunduğumuz evrenin insanüstü varlıklar tarafından oluşturulmuş bir simülasyon olabileceğine ilişkin felsefi tartışmalar varlığını sürdürmektedir. Karmaşık bir evren simülasyonu yaratmak günümüz şartları açısından her ne kadar mümkün görünmese de gelecekte böyle bir evren simülasyonunun yaratılabilmesini mümkün gören filozof ve bilim insanlarının sayısı azımsanmayacak kadar çoktur. Nitekim Nick Bostrom ve takipçileri, evrenimizin bir simülasyon olma ihtimalinin son derece yüksek olduğunu iddia etmektedirler.
İçinde bulunduğumuz evrenin bir simülasyon olma ihtimali, klasik ateizmden farklı olarak, evrenin bir yaratıcısı olduğu halde bu yaratıcının Tanrı olmadığı tezini gündeme getirmektedir. Öte yandan, simülasyonun yaratıcısını Tanrı ile özdeşleştirmek isteyen filozoflar da bulunmaktadır. Bazı filozoflar, simülasyon hipotezini Tanrı’nın yokluğuna delil olarak kullanmak isterken, bazıları bu hipotezin Tanrı’nın varlığına işaret ettiğini savunmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle konunun felsefi söyleminin yanı sıra teolojik boyutlarının da dikkatle değerlendirilmesi gerektiği açıktır.
Bu makale, zihin-beden ayrımına dayanan Matrix tipi simülasyon düşüncesi ile zihin-beden birliğine dayanan Bostrom tipi simülasyon düşüncesinin politeizm, deizm, sudur teorisi ve teizm açısından kısa bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır.

References

  • Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
  • Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi 5. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Avcı, Ergün. “Antik Mağaradan Sanal Mağaraya: Metaverse.” Beytulhikme 12, no. 4 (2022): 981–1006.
  • Barrow, John D. “Living in a Simulated Universe.” In Universe or Multiverse?, edited by Bernard Carr, 481–86. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations. Translated by Sheila Faria Glaser. USA: The University of Michigan Press, 1994.
  • Bostrom, Nick. “A Patch for the Simulation Argument.” Analysis 71, no. 1 (2011): 54–61.
  • ———. “Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?” Philosophical Quarterly 53, no. 211 (2003): 243–55.
  • Chalmers, David J. Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2022.
  • ———. “The Matrix as Metaphysics.” In Philosophers Explore the Matrix, edited by Christopher Grau, 132–70. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • ———. “The Virtual and the Real.” Disputatio 9, no. 46 (2017): 309–52.
  • Descartes, René. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch. Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • ———. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
  • ———. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes (The Correspondence). Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny. Vol. III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Durusoy, Ali. İbn Sinâ Felsefesinde İnsan ve Alemdeki Yeri. 3rd ed. İstanbul: M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2012.
  • Fredkin, Edward. “Digital Mechanics: An Informational Process Based on Reversible Universal CA.” In Cellular Automata: Theory and Experiment, edited by H. Gutowitz, 254–70. North Holland, The Netherlands, 1990.
  • Grupp, Jeff. “The Implantation Argument: Simulation Theory Is Proof That God Exists.” Metaphysica 22, no. 2 (2021): 189–221.
  • Hasker, William. “Human Freedom and the Problem of Evil.” Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53, no. 1 (2012): 167–81.
  • İbn Sina. En-Necât. Edited by Macit Fahri. Beyrut, 1985.
  • ———. Eş-Şifâ: El-İlâhiyyât. Edited by İbrahim Medkûr. Kahire, 1961.
  • ———. Et-Ta’lîkât. Edited by Abdurrahman Bedevî. Beyrut: Daru’l-İslâmiyye, 1973.
  • ———. İşaretler ve Tembihler. Translated by Muhittin Macit, Ali Durusoy, and Ekrem Demirli. İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Irwin, Klee, Marcelo Amaral, and David Chester. “The Self-Simulation Hypothesis Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.” Entropy 22, no. 2 (2020): 247.
  • Lloyd, Seth. “Computational Capacity of the Universe.” Physical Review Letters 88, no. 23 (2002): 237901–4. Margolus, Norman. “Looking at Nature as a Computer.” International Journal of Theoretical Physics 42, no. 2 (2003): 309–27.
  • Metropolis, Nicholas, and Stanislaw Ulam. “The Monte Carlo Method.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 44, no. 247 (1949): 335–41.
  • Moravec, Hans. “Simulation, Consciousness, Existence.” Intercommunication 28 (1999): 98–112.
  • Platon. Devlet. Translated by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2016.
  • Putnam, Hilary. Reason, Truth and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • Searle, John. “Minds, Brains, and Programs.” The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (1980): 417–57.
  • Steinheart, Eric. “Theological Implications of the Simulation Argument.” Ars Disputandi 10, no. 1 (2010): 23–37.
  • Swinburne, Richard. “Bayes, God, and the Multiverse.” In Probability in the Philosophy of Religion, edited by Jake Chandler and Victoria S. Harrison, 103–23. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • Tooley, Michael. “Alvin Plantinga and the Argument from Evil.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, no. 4 (1980): 360–76.
  • Weatherson, B. “Are You a Sim?” The Philosophical Quarterly 53 (2003): 425–31.
  • Willows, Adam M. “Augustine, the Origin of Evil and the Mystery of Free Will.” Religious Studies 50, no. 2 (2014): 255–69.
  • Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “Bezm-i Elest.” In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, VI:106–8, n.d.
  • Yılmaz, Aykut Alper. “Simulation Hypothesis and Theism: An Assessment in the Context of Multiverse.” Eskiyeni 55 (2023): 992–1006.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy of Religion, Metaphysics , Philosophy of Mind
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Faruk Görücü 0000-0002-6743-3009

Early Pub Date June 30, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date June 3, 2024
Acceptance Date June 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 42

Cite

APA Görücü, Ö. F. (2024). Simulation and God. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe Ve Teoloji(42), 1-13.
AMA Görücü ÖF. Simulation and God. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji. June 2024;(42):1-13.
Chicago Görücü, Ömer Faruk. “Simulation and God”. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe Ve Teoloji, no. 42 (June 2024): 1-13.
EndNote Görücü ÖF (June 1, 2024) Simulation and God. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji 42 1–13.
IEEE Ö. F. Görücü, “Simulation and God”, Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji, no. 42, pp. 1–13, June 2024.
ISNAD Görücü, Ömer Faruk. “Simulation and God”. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji 42 (June 2024), 1-13.
JAMA Görücü ÖF. Simulation and God. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji. 2024;:1–13.
MLA Görücü, Ömer Faruk. “Simulation and God”. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe Ve Teoloji, no. 42, 2024, pp. 1-13.
Vancouver Görücü ÖF. Simulation and God. Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji. 2024(42):1-13.