Water Use Features of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Irrigated at Different Growth Stages

Öz

The response of some sunflower hybrids to seven irrigation treatments was studied in the field  experiments during 2002 and 2003 seasons. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro, Tarsan-1018 and Özdemirbey were used as material. A rainfed (non-irrigated) treatment as the control (I0) and I1= irrigation at vegetative growth stage, I2= irrigation at heading stage, I3= irrigation at flowering stage, I4= I1 + I3 two irrigations, I5= I1 + I2 + I3, three irrigations, and I6= I1 + I2 + I3 + irrigation at milking stage were applied. Research revealed that average seed yield of all sunflower hybrids peaked with irrigations at all growing stages (I6). Increased water amount and irrigation frequency caused a decreasing in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and an increase in irrigation efficiency (IE). Higher IWUE and lower IE were obtained from non-irrigated or one irrigation treatments. The highest IWUE (35.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) was obtained from Tarsan-1018 irrigated at vegetative stage (I1). Özdemirbey irrigated with I6 gave the highest irrigation efficiency (IE) with 186%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sunflower; irrigation; yield; irrigation efficiency; IWUE

Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Uygulanan Sulamaların Hibrit Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nde Su Kullanım Özellikleri

Öz

Bazı hibrit ayçiçeği çeşitlerinin yedi sulama uygulamasına tepkileri 2002 ve 2003 yıllarında incelenmiştir. Sanbro, Tarsan-1018 ve Özdemirbey ayçiçeği çeşitleri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Sulama yapılmayan parseller kontrol olarak değerlendirilmiş ve I1= vejetatif gelişme başında, I2= tabla oluşumu, I3= çiçeklenme, I4= I1 + I3 iki sulama, I5= I1 + I2 + I3, üç sulama ve I6= I1 + I2 + I3 + süt olum döneminde olmak üzere yedi sulama konusu uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tüm gelişme dönemlerinde yapılan sulama uygulaması (I6) verimi en fazla arttıran uygulama olmuştur. Artan sulama suyu miktarı sulama suyu kullanım etkinliğini (IWUE) azaltırken sulama etkinliğini (IE) arttırmıştır. Daha yüksek IWUE ve daha düşük IE sulanmayan veya bir sulama uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek IWUE (35.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) vejetatif gelişme döneminde (I1) sulanan Tarsan-1018 çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. En yüksek sulama etkinliği ise %186 ile Özdemirbey çeşidinde I6 uygulamasından saptanmıştır.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayçiçeği; sulama; verim; sulama etkinliği; IWUE

Kaynakça

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