Bazı Avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye'nin tarımsal çevre ve ekonomi göstergelerine dayalı performanslarının ÇKKV yöntemleri ile değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bazı Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin tarımsal faaliyetlerinin çevre ve ekonomi üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tarımsal çevre göstergeleri ile ekonomik üretim gücünü birlikte ele alan analiz, ülkelerin tarımsal sürdürülebilirlik düzeylerini bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ortaya koymaktadır. Böylece çalışma, çevresel baskılar ile üretim yoğunluğu arasındaki dengenin ülkeler arasında nasıl farklılaştığını inceleyerek sürdürülebilir tarım politikalarının geliştirilmesine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlamaktadır. Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Araştırmada, EUROSTAT veri tabanından elde edilen 2000–2023 dönemi yıllık ortalama değerlere dayanan on çevresel gösterge (K1–K10) ile FAOSTAT veri tabanından alınan 2019–2023 dönemi ortalama Brüt Üretim Değeri (K11) olmak üzere toplam on bir kriter kullanılmıştır. Yirmi sekiz ülke iki aşamalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir: İlk aşamada yalnızca çevresel kriterler dikkate alınmış; ikinci aşamada ekonomik boyutun analize dahil edilmesiyle sıralamalar yeniden oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sürecinde MOOSRA, MABAC, ROV, TOPSIS, PSI, WASPAS, REF-I ve REF-II yöntemleri uygulanmış; elde edilen sıralamalar BORDA yöntemi aracılığıyla bütünleştirilmiştir. Tüm hesaplamalar Python tabanlı Ka-Decision yazılımı kullanılarak kapsamlı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çevresel göstergeler değerlendirildiğinde Estonya, Letonya, İsveç, Finlandiya ve Slovakya en yüksek performansa sahip ülkeler olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak ekonomik kriterin dahil edilmesiyle bu ülkelerin genel sıralamada gerilediği; buna karşılık Fransa, Türkiye ve Almanya gibi yüksek üretim kapasitesine sahip ülkelerin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuç, çevresel performans ile üretim yoğunluğu arasında belirgin ters yönlü bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Radar grafiklerinde çevresel açıdan zayıf ülkelerin yüksek üretim kapasitelerine rağmen çevresel etkilerinin daha olumsuz olduğu görülmüştür. Özgünlük/Değer: Çalışma, çevresel ve ekonomik göstergelerin birlikte değerlendirilmesiyle tarımsal sürdürülebilirliğe çok boyutlu bir yaklaşım sunarak politika yapıcılar için son derece önemli stratejik çıktılar oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Avrupa ülkeleri
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV)
• Ka-Decision
• tarımsal çevre göstergeleri

Evaluation of the performance of some European countries and Turkey based on agricultural environment and economic indicators using MCDM methods

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to comparatively assess the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural activities in some European Union countries and Turkey. By considering agricultural environmental indicators and economic production capacity together, the analysis reveals the agricultural sustainability levels of countries from a holistic perspective. Thus, by examining how the balance between environmental pressures and production intensity varies across countries, the study significantly contributes to the development of sustainable agricultural policies. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed a total of eleven criteria: ten environmental indicators (K1–K10) based on annual average values from the EUROSTAT database for the period 2000–2023, and the average Gross Production Value (K11) from the FAOSTAT database for the period 2019–2023. Twenty-eight countries were evaluated in two stages: In the first stage, only environmental criteria were considered; in the second stage, the rankings were re-established by incorporating the economic dimension into the analysis. MOOSRA, MABAC, ROV, TOPSIS, PSI, WASPAS, REF-I, and REF-II methods were applied during the analysis process, and the resulting rankings were integrated using the BORDA method. All calculations were comprehensively performed using the Python-based Ka-Decision software. Findings: When environmental indicators were evaluated, Estonia, Latvia, Sweden, Finland, and Slovakia were identified as the highest-performing countries. However, with the inclusion of the economic criterion, these countries were found to have a decline in the overall ranking, while countries with high production capacity, such as France, Turkey, and Germany, emerged. This result demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between environmental performance and production intensity. Radar charts reveal that environmentally weak countries, despite their high production capacity, have more negative environmental impacts. Originality/Value: By evaluating environmental and economic indicators together, the study provides a multidimensional approach to agricultural sustainability, generating crucial strategic outcomes for policymakers.

Keywords

• European Countries
• Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)
• Ka-Decision
• Agricultural environment indicators

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