Research Article
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Politik Ekonomi, İklim Değişikliği Ve Tarım İlişkisinin Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı politik ekonominin referans çerçevesi içerisinde gelişmekte olan ülkelerde iklim değişikliği ve tarım ilişkisini ampirik olarak sınamaktır. Taşkınlar, çölleşme, verimli toprakların kaybı, su kıtlığı, kuraklık, deniz seviyesinde yükselme gibi iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklı olaylar, insan yaşamını ekonomik, siyasal ve sosyal açıdan olumsuz etkilemektedir. Küresel kamusal bir mal olan doğal çevrenin korunması amacıyla iklim değişikliği ile mücadele stratejilerinin hayata geçirilmesi uluslararası işbirliği ile mümkün görünmektedir. Fakat birçok gelişmekte olan ülkede devlet kapasitesinin sınırlılığı bu işbirliğine olanak tanımamaktadır. Bu işbirliğini engelleyen faktörlerden biri gelişmekte olan ülkelerin üretim yapısıdır. Nitekim gelişmekte olan ülkelerin üretim, tüketim ve bölüşüm ilişkileri içerisinde önemli bir yer tutan tarım sektörü, doğal kaynak kullanımı ile iklim değişikliğini beslerlerken, kendisi de bu değişimden etkilenmektedir.
Tasarım/metodoloji/yaklaşım: Çalışmada 2000-2014 yılları arasında GSYİH içinde tarımsal katma değeri en yüksek 20 gelişmekte olan ülkeye ait karbon emisyonu düzeyi, tarımsal katma değer, sulanan arazilerin oranı, katılımcı demokrasi, kentleşme, kişi başına reel GSYİH, enerji kullanımı ve kent nüfusu verileri arasındaki ilişki Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi (Sistem GMM) ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yapılan ampirik analiz neticesinde tarımsal katma değer, katılımcı demokrasi ve enerji kullanımının karbon emisyonu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Özgünlük/değer: Çalışma, tarım ve iklim değişikliği ilişkisini politik ekonomi değişkeni ile sınayan sınırlı sayıdaki araştırmadan biridir.
Keywords
References
- Anderson, K. , Rausser, G., Swinnen, J., 2013, Political Economy of Public Policies: Insights from Distortions to Agricultural and Food Markets, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 423-47.
- Bontempi Maria Elana, Golinelli Roberto, 2014, Panel Data Econometrics:Theory and Applications in Stata Dynamic Models For Panel Data. Panel Data Anaysisi Lecture Notes University of Bologna.
- Cammack, D., 2007, Understanding the Political Economy of Climate Change is Vital to Tackling It, Opinion, 92-93.
- Choitti, Quentin, P., Johnston, T., 1995, Extending the Climate Change Research A Discusion on Agriculture, Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 335-350
- Clapp, J., Newell, P., Brent, Zoe W. 2018, The Global PoliticalEconomy of Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Systems, The Journal of Peasant Studies,Vol. 45, No:1, pp. 80-88.
- Çağlayan Akay, Ebru , 2015, Dinamik Panel Veri Modelleri, Stata ile Panel Veri Modelleri (Editör: S. Güriş), Der Yaynları: İstanbul.
- Dumrul, Y., Kılıçarslan, Z., 2017, Economic Impacts of Clımate Change on Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Approach for Turkey, JBEF- Vol.6-ISS.4- (5)-p.336-347.
- Huang, H., Khanna, M., 2010, An Econometric Analysis of U.S. Crop Yield and Cropland Acreage: Implications for the Impact of Climate Change, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010AAEA, CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado.
- Fankhauser, S., Gennaioli, C., Collins, M. (2015), The Political Economy of Passing Climate Change Legislation: Evidence From A Survey. Global Environmental Change, 35. pp. 52-61.
- Lippert, C., Krimly, T., Aurbacher, J., 2009, A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Germany, Climatic Change, Vol. 97, pp. 593–610.
- Massetti, E., Mendelsohn, R., 2011, Estimating Ricardian Models with Panel Data, Working Paper No:17101.
- Newell, P., Taylor, Olivia G., 2017, Contested Landscapes: The Global Political Economyof Climate Smart Agriculture, Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.45, No:1, pp. 108-129
- O’Hara, Philip A.,2009, Political Economy of Climate Change, Ecological Destruction and Uneven Development, Ecological Economics, Vol.69, No:2, pp. 223-234.
- Roodman David, 2009, How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9, Number 1, pp. 86–136.
- Seo, Niggol, S., 2008, Assessing Relative Performance of Econometric Models in Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Using Spatial Autoregression, The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, Vol. 38, No:2, pp 195-209.
- Sovacool, B., K., Linnér, Björn-Ola, Goodsite,M., E, 2015, The Political Economy of Climate Adaptation, Nature Climate Change, Vol.5.
- Serres, A., Llewelynn, J., Llewelyn, P., 2011, The Political Economy of Climate Change Mitigation Policies How to Build a Constituency to Adress Global Warming, OECD Economics Department Working Paper No 887.
- Steves, F., Teytelboym, A., 2013, Political Economy of Climate Change Policy, Smith School Working Paper, 13-06.
- Warner, K., 2012, Disentangling the Climate-conflict Nexus: Empirical and Theoretical Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Pathways, Review of European Studies, Vol4, 1-11, 616-618.
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of Political Economy, Climate Change and Agriculture in Developing Countries
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to test empirically the relationship between climate change and agriculture in developing countries within the frame of the political economy. The extreme events related to climate change such as floods, desertification, loss of fertile soil, water scarcity, drought, rising at sea level negatively affect human life economically, politically and socially. As a global public good, implementations of natural environment protection strategies seem to be possible through international cooperation. However, the limited state capacity of many developing countries’ do not allow this cooperation. One of the factors preventing this cooperation is the production structure of developing countries. As a matter of fact, the agriculture sector, having great importance of the production, consumption and distribution relations of developing countries, feeds climate change with the use of natural resources and effected by these changes too.
Design/methodology/approach: In this context, the relationship between carbon emission levels, agricultural value added, irrigated agricultural land, participatory democracy, urbanization, reel GDP percapita and energy use data belonging to twenty developing countries having the highest agricultural value added between 2000-2014 is examined by the System Generalized Moments Method (GMM-sys).
Findings: The agricultural value added and participatory democracy and energy use have statistically significant effect on carbon emission.
Originality/value: The study is one of the research that tests the relationship between agriculture and climate change with the political economy variable.
Keywords
References
- Anderson, K. , Rausser, G., Swinnen, J., 2013, Political Economy of Public Policies: Insights from Distortions to Agricultural and Food Markets, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 423-47.
- Bontempi Maria Elana, Golinelli Roberto, 2014, Panel Data Econometrics:Theory and Applications in Stata Dynamic Models For Panel Data. Panel Data Anaysisi Lecture Notes University of Bologna.
- Cammack, D., 2007, Understanding the Political Economy of Climate Change is Vital to Tackling It, Opinion, 92-93.
- Choitti, Quentin, P., Johnston, T., 1995, Extending the Climate Change Research A Discusion on Agriculture, Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 335-350
- Clapp, J., Newell, P., Brent, Zoe W. 2018, The Global PoliticalEconomy of Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Systems, The Journal of Peasant Studies,Vol. 45, No:1, pp. 80-88.
- Çağlayan Akay, Ebru , 2015, Dinamik Panel Veri Modelleri, Stata ile Panel Veri Modelleri (Editör: S. Güriş), Der Yaynları: İstanbul.
- Dumrul, Y., Kılıçarslan, Z., 2017, Economic Impacts of Clımate Change on Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Approach for Turkey, JBEF- Vol.6-ISS.4- (5)-p.336-347.
- Huang, H., Khanna, M., 2010, An Econometric Analysis of U.S. Crop Yield and Cropland Acreage: Implications for the Impact of Climate Change, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010AAEA, CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado.
- Fankhauser, S., Gennaioli, C., Collins, M. (2015), The Political Economy of Passing Climate Change Legislation: Evidence From A Survey. Global Environmental Change, 35. pp. 52-61.
- Lippert, C., Krimly, T., Aurbacher, J., 2009, A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Germany, Climatic Change, Vol. 97, pp. 593–610.
- Massetti, E., Mendelsohn, R., 2011, Estimating Ricardian Models with Panel Data, Working Paper No:17101.
- Newell, P., Taylor, Olivia G., 2017, Contested Landscapes: The Global Political Economyof Climate Smart Agriculture, Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.45, No:1, pp. 108-129
- O’Hara, Philip A.,2009, Political Economy of Climate Change, Ecological Destruction and Uneven Development, Ecological Economics, Vol.69, No:2, pp. 223-234.
- Roodman David, 2009, How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9, Number 1, pp. 86–136.
- Seo, Niggol, S., 2008, Assessing Relative Performance of Econometric Models in Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Using Spatial Autoregression, The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, Vol. 38, No:2, pp 195-209.
- Sovacool, B., K., Linnér, Björn-Ola, Goodsite,M., E, 2015, The Political Economy of Climate Adaptation, Nature Climate Change, Vol.5.
- Serres, A., Llewelynn, J., Llewelyn, P., 2011, The Political Economy of Climate Change Mitigation Policies How to Build a Constituency to Adress Global Warming, OECD Economics Department Working Paper No 887.
- Steves, F., Teytelboym, A., 2013, Political Economy of Climate Change Policy, Smith School Working Paper, 13-06.
- Warner, K., 2012, Disentangling the Climate-conflict Nexus: Empirical and Theoretical Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Pathways, Review of European Studies, Vol4, 1-11, 616-618.
There are 19 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering, Business Administration |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2020 |
| Submission Date | March 2, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 26 Issue: 1 |