JAPONYA’NIN GÜNEY ASYA İLE İLK TEMASLARI (1582 – 1639)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 67, 237 - 261, 31.03.2020

Emine Sicim Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.625407

Öz

Japon hükümeti, 1936 yılında Nanshinseisaku adı altında güneye ilerlemeyi resmi siyaseti olarak benimsediğini duyurmuş, 1941 yılından itibaren de Güneydoğu Asya bölgesini işgal etmeye başlamıştır. Ancak tarihi arka plana bakıldığında Japonya’nın güneyine yönelik emellerinin çok eski zamanlara kadar dayandığıgörülmektedir. Bu bağlamda 16.yüzyılda Japonya’da birliği sağladıktan sonra başa geçen Toyotomi Hideyoshi, sadece Japonya’nın kuzeyini değil, güneyini de ele geçirmeyi planlamıştır. Hideyoshi, amacı doğrultusunda Japonya’nın güneyinde bulunan ülkelerin liderlerine mektuplar gönderip, haraç talep ederek, işgalci bir niyeti olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, Japonya’nın Güney Asya ile olan ilk temaslarının ne zaman ve hangi şekilde gerçekleştiği detaylı olarak incelenmiş, Japonya’nın yayılmacı siyasetinin modern zamanlarda başlamadığı, eski zamanlara kadar dayandığı noktası ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Japonya, Güney Asya, Shuinsen, Nihonmachi, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu.

JAPAN'S FIRST CONTACT WITH THE SOUTH SEAS (1582 – 1639)

Öz

In 1936, the Japanese government announced its official policy of advancing to the south under the name of Nanshinseisaku, and since 1941 it began to invade Southeast Asia.However, when the historical background is examined, it is seen that Japan's ambitions towards the south of dates back to ancient times.In this context, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was a leader after completing the 16th-century unification of Japan, planned to capture not only north of Japan but also the south.In accordance with this purpose, Hideyoshi sent letters the leaders of the countries in the south of Japan. By letters, he demand tribute and showed that he had intended an invasion.In this study, when and how took place the first contacts between Japan and South Seas has been examined in detail. Also it has been tried to be revealed that Japan's expansionist policy did not start in modern times, it dated back to ancient times.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Japan, South Seas, Shuinsen, Nihonmachi, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu

Kaynakça

• Calderon, A. B., The Turmoil of Change in Philippine – Japan Relations 1565 – 1945,De La Salle University, Manila 1976.
• Cheng, W., War, Trade and Piracy in the China Seas (1622 – 1683), Brill, Boston 2013.
• Clulow, A., “Like Lambs in Japan and Devils outside Their Land: Diplomacy, Violence and Japanese Merchants in Southeast Asia”, Journal of World History,Cilt 24, Sayı 2, 2013, s. 335 – 358.
• Dening, W., The Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Hakubunsha, Tokyo 1988.
• Denki, G., Nanshin Nihon no Senkusha Suganuma Teifū (南進日本の先駆者菅沼貞風), Rokkōshobō, Tokyo 1942.
• Elisonas, J., “Christianity and the Daimyo”, The Cambridge History of Japan, Cilt 4, Cambridge University Press, İngiltere 2008, s. 301 – 373.
• Elisonas, J., “The Inseparable Trinity: Japan’s Relations with China and Korea”, The Cambridge History of Japan, Cilt 4, Cambridge University Press, İngiltere 2008, s. 235 – 301.
• Farge, W. J., A Christian Samurai, The Catholic University of America, Washington 2016.
• Frederick, L., Japan Encyclopedia, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts 2002.
• Frei, H. P., Japan’s Southward Advance and Australia, Melbourne University Press, Avustralya 1991.
• Henshall, K. G., A History of Japan from Stone Age to Superpower, Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2004.
• Hildreth, R., Japan As It was and is, Philips Samspson and Company, New York 1855.
• Holcombe, C., Doğu Asya Tarihi Çin Japonya Kore, Çev. Muhammed Murtaza Özeren, Dergâh Yayınları, İstanbul 2016.
• Honjō, E., “Facts and Ideas of Japan’s Over – sea Development Prior to the Meiji Restoration”, Kyoto University Economic Review, Cilt 17, Sayı 1, 1942, s. 1 – 13.
• Itazawa, T., “Gaisetsu (概説)” Nanpōbunkakōza (南方文化講座), Sanseidō, Tokyo 1944, s. 3 – 24.
• Itazawa, T., Mukashi no Nanyō to Nihon (昔の南洋と日本), Rajioshinsho, Tokyo 1940.
• Iwamoto, Y., Bytheway, S. J., “Japan’s Official Relations with Shamuro (Siam), 1599–1745: As Revealed in the Diplomatic Records of the Tokugawa Shogunate”, Journal of the Siam Society, Cilt 99, 2011, s. 81 – 104.
• Iwao, S., “Kinsei ni okeru Nihon Minzoku no Nanpō Hatten (近世に於ける日本⺠族の南方発展)”, Nanpōbunkakōza (南方文化講座), Sanseidō, Tokyo 1944, s. 155 – 266.
• Iwao, S., Nanyō Nihonmachi no Kenkyū (南洋日本町の研究), Iwanami, Tokyo 1966.
• Iwao, S., Shuinsen Bōekishi no Kenkyū (朱印船貿易史の研究), Kobunsha, Tokyo 1958.
• Iwao, S., Shuinsen to Nihonmachi (朱印船と日本町), Shibundō, Tokyo 1962.
• Jansen, M. B., The Making of Modern Japan, The Belknap Press, Londra 2000.
• Kamiya, T., “Nanyō no Shinwa no Keisei (南洋神話の形成)”, Tōnan Ajiagaku (東南アジア学), Cilt 10, Kōbundō, Tokyo 1991, s. 49 – 63.
• Kasahara, K., Fujino, M., Nihonshi Kenkyū (日本史研究), Yamakawa, Tokyo 1990. Kaseda, K., Kaigai Hatten to Seinen (海外発展と⻘年), Shiobunkaku, Tokyo 1943.
• Kawashima, M., Shuinsen Bōekishi (朱印船貿易史), Takutosha, Osaka 1942. Kleeman, Y. F., Under an Imperial Sun, University of Hawaii Press, Amerika 2003.
• Kuno, Y. S., Japanese Expansion on the Asiatic Continent I, University of California Press, Berkeley 1937.
• Kuroda, K., Nihon Shokumin Shisōshi (日本植⺠思想史), Kōbundō, Tokyo 1942.
• Laver, M. S., The Sakoku Edicts and the Politics of Tokugawa Hegemony, Cambria Press, New York2011.
• Lewis, J. B., The East Asian War, 1592 – 1598: International Relations, Routledge, Londra 2015.
• Lu, D. J., Japan A Documentary History, Cilt 1, An East Gate Book, Amerika 1997.
• Luard, C. E., Hosten, H., Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643, Cilt 1, Routledge, Amerika 2016.
• Meyer, M. W., Japan A Concise History, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, İngiltere 2009.
• Morioka, Y., Nanshin Dainihonshi (南進大日本史), Kinransha, Tokyo 1944.
• Nagasawa, K., Nihonjin no Bōken to Tanken (日本人の冒険と探検), Hakusuisha, Tokyo 1973.
• Nagazumi, Y., Shuinsen (朱印船), Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, Tokyo 2001.
• Nanjō, A., Nihon Nanshin Tamashii (日本南進魂), Kakushobō, Tokyo 1941.
• Nanyō Kyōkai, Dainanyōken (大南洋圏), Chūōkōronsha, Tokyo 1941.
• Naohiro, A., “The Sixteenth – Century Unification”, The Cambridge History of Japan, Çev: Bernard Susser, Cilt 4, Cambridge University Press, İngiltere 2008, s. 40 – 96.
• Naojirō, M., “Sakoku mae ni okeru Hōjin no Yūsō naru Nanyō Hiyaku (鎖国前における邦人の勇壮なる南洋飛躍)”, Jitsugyō no Nihon(実業之日本), Nanyō Özel Sayısı, 28 Mart 1915, s. 131 – 142.
• Ogura, S., Shuinsen Jidai no Nihonjin (朱印船時代の日本人), Chūōkōronsha, Tokyo 1989.
• Sadler, A. L., The Maker of Modern Japan: The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Routledge, Londra 2011.
• Saniel, J. M., Japan and the Philippines 1868 – 1898, University of the Philippines, Quezon 1962.
• Shinzaburō, Ō., Shuinsen to Minami e no Senkusha (朱印船と南への先駆者), Gyōsei, Tokyo 1986.
• Sophia Üniversitesi Araştırmaları Merkezi, Nyūmon Tōnan Ajia Kenkyū (入門東南アジア研究), Mekon, Tokyo 1992.
• Tanaka, S., “Hōjin no Nanpōken Ninshiki to Nanshinron no Hatten (邦人の南方圏認識と南進論の発展)”, Chōsa Kenkyū (調査研究), Cilt 79, 1942, s. 1 – 31.
• Tanno, I., Nihon Kigyō no Tōnan Ajia Shinshutsu no Rūtsu to Senryaku (日本企業の東南アジア進出のルーツと戦略), Dobunkan, Tokyo 2017.
• Tsuchiya, S., “Yamada Nagamasa no Ime-ji to Nichitai Kankei (山田⻑政のイメージと日タイ関係)”, Ajiataiheiyō Tōkyū (アジア太平洋討究), 5, Mart 2003, s. 97 – 125.
• Turnbull, S., “Wars and Rumours of Wars: Japanese Plans to Invade the Philippines, 1593 – 1637”, Naval War College Review, Cilt 69, Sayı 4, 2016, s. 1 – 14.
• Turnbull, S., Tokugawa Ieyasu, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2012.
• Turnbull, S., Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2010.
• Yoshiteru Iwamoto, “Yamada Nagamasa and His Relations with Siam”, Journal of the Siam Society, 95, 2007, s. 73 – 84.