WHAT İS İN A NAME? ‘AKKO- PTOLEMAİS- ‘AKKA- ACRE

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 67, 715 - 726, 31.03.2020

Çevirmen: Mustafa Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.647532

Öz

The modern city of ‘Akko in Israel has had born many names over the centuries of its extended settlement. The name Acre, as it is known in the Western World, is the remnant of the name, St. Jean d’Acre, given to it by its Crusader settlers in the 12th century BC. However, the name ‘Akko and its derivatives has a long history. It appeared as such already in written sources at the beginning of the 2nd Millennium BC when the first urbanization of the site took place. It remained as ‘Akko, ‘Ake, etc... throughout the subsequent centuries, despite attempts by its varied rulers to change it. The settlement shifted, following the changes of the coastline and the Na’aman (Belos) River, from the ancient Tel Akko, to the bay, where an artificial harbor was established, re-constructed and repeatedly renovated during the 2000 or more years. The first known name of the original site of the settlement, the tell, is dated to the Crusader period. It experienced alteration of name, echoing the transformation of ‘Akko’s history, in which the Western (European) intervention played a major role.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tel Akko, ‘Akka, Ptolemais, Crusaders, Napoleon

AKKA ŞEHRİNİN İSMİNİN TARİHSEL SÜREÇTEKİ DEĞİŞİMİ: ‘AKKO, PTOLEMAİS, ‘AKKA, ACRE

Öz

İsrail’in modern şehirlerinden birisi olan Akka, yüzyıllar içinde çok sayıda isim değiştirmiştir. Batı dünyasında bilindiği haliyle ‘’Acre’’ adı ‘’St. Jean Acre’’den kalmadır ki 12. yüzyılda bu isim buraya Haçlı Seferleriyle gelenler tarafından verilmiştir. Ancak Akka isminin ve türevlerinin uzun bir geçmişi vardır. İlk şehirleşmenin gerçekleştiği M.Ö. ikinci bin yılın başında yazılan kaynaklarda ismi ‘Akko’ şeklinde geçmektedir. İlerleyen yüzyıllarda bu ismi değiştirmeye çalışan farklı yöneticilere rağmen şehrin ismi Akko veya Ake olarak kaldı. Sahilde ve Na’man (Belos) Nehri’nde meydana gelen değişikliklerin ardından yerleşim yeri eski Tel-Akko şehrinden yaklaşık 2000 yıl boyunca yapay bir limanın kurulduğu, yeniden inşa edildiği ve defalarca restore edildiği körfeze doğru kaymıştır. Bu yerleşim alanının bilinen ilk ismi ‘’Tell’’ Haçlı dönemine dayanmaktadır. Bu isim defalarca değişmiştir ve Akka tarihinde dönüşümü yansıtmaktadır. Bu ismin dönüşümünde batının müdahalesi önemli rol oynamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tel-Akka, ‘Akko, Ptolemais, Haçlılar, Napolyon

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