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THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 265 - 285, 24.12.2021

Abstract

The Albigensian Crusade, which took place between 1209-1229, was organized within the borders of Europe and it was against the Cathars, a non-Muslim community. The political, religious, military, economic and social dimensions of this Crusade have been an important topic of discussion for historians for the last 150 years. The Albigensian Crusade process, which was previously considered only as a military and political period and was seen as a transition period for the events before and after it, has become a versatile research area as a result of the development of the modern Albigensian Crusade historiography and it has raised new questions. The aim of this study is to interpret the development of the Albigensian Crusade historiography in the last 150 years by examining the changing and diversifying perspectives towards the campaign. The first part of the study discussed published works between late-19th-mid-20th century. In the second part, the progress of the Albigensian Crusade historiography from the second half of the 19th century to the 21st century and the impact of social history studies on the campaign will be examined. In the third and last part, the changes caused by the revisionist perspective on historiography since the 21st century and current historiography will be discussed.

References

  • Barber, M. (2000). The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in the Languedoc in High Middle Ages. London: Routledge.
  • Besse, G. (1660). Histoire des Ducs, Marquis et Comtes de Narbonne. Paris: Antoine de Sommaville.
  • Boyce, G. C. (1954). “Die Katharer, by Arno Borst “. The American Historical Review. 59 (3), 602–603.
  • Colish, M. L. (2002). “Review of The Cathars; The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages, by M. Lambert & M. Barber”. Church History, 71(1), 181–184.
  • Costen, M. (1998). The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Delaruelle, É. (1943). “Pierre Belperron. La Croisade contre les Albigeois et l'union du Languedoc à la France (1209-1249)”. Annales du Midi: revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, 55, (217-218) 429-435.
  • Dewey, R. S. (1888). “The Latest Historian of the Inquisition”. The American Quarterly Review, 13 (51), 385-404.
  • Dossat, Y. (1968). “A propos du concile cathare de Saint-Félix: les Milingues”, Cahiers de Fanjeaux: Cathares en Languedoc, 3, 201–214.
  • Durgun, F. (2017). “They Are Worse Than Saracens with Their Strong Hand and Their Arm Stretched in Fight": Multifaceted Context of the Albigensian Crusade” Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10 (48), 176-183.
  • Erdmann, C. (1977). The Origin of the Idea of Crusade. trans.: Marshall W. Baldwin, Walter Goffart. Princeton: Princeton University.
  • Gascón Chopo, C. (2020). “From Occitania to Catalonia. Catharism: the Current State of Research”. Imago temporis: medium Aevum, (14), 103-131.
  • Graham-Leigh, E. (2005). The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge: The Boydell.
  • Hamilton, B. (1978). “The Cathar council of Saint-Félix reconsidered”. Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 48, 23-53.
  • Hamilton, B. (1981). The Medieval Inquisition. New York: Holmes & Meier.
  • Hamilton, J., Hamilton, B., Stoyanov, Y., eds (2011). Bizans Döneminde (650-1405) Hristiyan Düalist Heretikler. çev.: Leyla Kuzucular. Ankara: Yurt.
  • Lambert, M. (1999). The Cathars. Massachusetts: Blackwell.
  • Le Goff, J., ed. (1968). Hérésies et sociétés dans l'Europe pré-industrielle, 11e-18e siècles, Communications et débats du Colloque de Royaumont, 27–30 Mai 1962. Paris: Mouton.
  • Le Roy Ladurie, E. (1984). Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324. trans.: Barbara Bray. London: Penguin.
  • Lea, H. C. (1888). A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Marvin, L. (2008). The Occitan War: A Military and Political History of the Albigensian Crusade, 1209–1218. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Marvin, L. (2013). “The Albigensian Crusade in Anglo-American Historiography, 1888–2013”. History Compass, 11 (12), 1126-1138.
  • McCaffrey, E. (2001). “Memory and Collective Identity in Occitanie: The Cathars in History and Popular Culture”. History and Memory, 13(1), 114–138.
  • McGlynn, S. (2015). Kill Them All: Cathars and Carnage in the Albigensian Crusade. E-book edition. Gloucestershire: The History.
  • Moore, R. I. (1987). The Formation Of A Persecuting Society: Power And Deviance In Western Europe, 950-1250. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Moore, R. I. (2012). The War on Heresy. Cambridge: The Belknapp.
  • Pegg, M. G. (1999). The Corruption of Angels. Princeton: Princeton University.
  • Pegg, M. G. (2008). A Most Holy War: The Albigensian Crusade and the Battle for Christendom. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • Peyrat, N. (1870). Histoire des Albigeois: les Albigeois et l'inquisition. Tome I. Paris: Librairie Internationale.
  • Riley-Smith, J. (1977). What Were the Crusades?. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Roach, A. (2005). The Devil’s World: Heresy and Society 1100-1300. London: Pearson Longman.
  • Runciman, S. (1955) A History of the Crusades. Vol.: III. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Runciman, S. (2003). The Medieval Manichee. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Séguy, J. (1960). “Oldenbourg (Zoé), Le Bûcher de Montségur”. Archives de sociologie des religions. (10), 200-201.
  • Séguy, J. (1961). “Ventura (Jordi), Père el Catolic Simo de Monfort”. Archives de sociologie des religions, (12), 208.
  • Séguy, J. (1962). “Madaule (Jacques), Le drame albigeois et le destin français”. Archives de sociologie des religions. (13), 181-182.
  • Sennis, A., ed. (2016). Cathars in Question. York: York Medieval.
  • Walther, D. (1965). “A Survey of Recent Research on the Albigensian Cathari”. Church History, 34 (2) 146-177.
  • Warner, H. J. (1922). The Albigensian Heresy. Vol: I. New York & Toronto: The Macmillan Co.
  • Weinberger S. (1996). “Paterson (Linda), The World of the Troubadours, Medieval Occitan Society, c. 1100- c. 1300”. Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 74 (3-4), 945-946.
  • Zerner, M., ed. (1998). Inventer l’hérésie? Discours polémiques et pouvoirs avant l'Inquisition. Nice: Centre d'études médiévales.
  • Zerner, M., ed. (2001). L'histoire du catharisme en discussion: le concile de Saint-Félix, 1167. Nice: Centre d'études médiévales.

MODERN DÖNEM ALBİ HAÇLI SEFERİ TARİHYAZIMININ GELİŞİMİ VE DEĞİŞEN BAKIŞ AÇILARI

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 265 - 285, 24.12.2021

Abstract

1209-1229 yılları arasında gerçekleşen Albi Haçlı Seferi, Avrupa sınırları içerisinde ve Müslüman olmayan bir topluluk olan Katharlara karşı düzenlenmiştir. Bu seferin siyasî, dinî, askerî, ekonomik ve sosyal boyutları son 150 yıldır tarihçiler için önemli bir tartışma konusu olarak varlık göstermektedir. Öncesinde yalnızca askerî ve siyasî olarak ele alınan ve kendisinden önceki ve sonraki olaylar için bir geçiş dönemi olarak görülen sefer süreci, modern Albi Haçlı Seferi tarihyazımının gelişmesi ve yeni sorular ortaya koyması sonucunda çok yönlü bir araştırma alanı hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Albi Haçlı Seferi tarihyazımının son 150 yıl içerisinde gösterdiği gelişimi ve sefere karşı değişen ve çeşitlenen bakış açılarını inceleyerek yorumlamaktır. Çalışmanın birinci kısmı 19. yüzyıl sonu-20. yüzyıl ortası arasında yayımlanmış ilk çalışmaları tartışmaktadır. İkinci kısım, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından 21. yüzyıla dek Albi Haçlı Seferi tarihyazımının gelişimi ve sosyal tarih çalışmalarının sefer üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise 21. yüzyıldan itibaren revizyonist bakış açısının tarihyazımı üzerinde yaratmış olduğu değişimler ve modern dönem Albi Haçlı Seferi tarihçiliğinin durumu değerlendirilecektir.

References

  • Barber, M. (2000). The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in the Languedoc in High Middle Ages. London: Routledge.
  • Besse, G. (1660). Histoire des Ducs, Marquis et Comtes de Narbonne. Paris: Antoine de Sommaville.
  • Boyce, G. C. (1954). “Die Katharer, by Arno Borst “. The American Historical Review. 59 (3), 602–603.
  • Colish, M. L. (2002). “Review of The Cathars; The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages, by M. Lambert & M. Barber”. Church History, 71(1), 181–184.
  • Costen, M. (1998). The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Delaruelle, É. (1943). “Pierre Belperron. La Croisade contre les Albigeois et l'union du Languedoc à la France (1209-1249)”. Annales du Midi: revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, 55, (217-218) 429-435.
  • Dewey, R. S. (1888). “The Latest Historian of the Inquisition”. The American Quarterly Review, 13 (51), 385-404.
  • Dossat, Y. (1968). “A propos du concile cathare de Saint-Félix: les Milingues”, Cahiers de Fanjeaux: Cathares en Languedoc, 3, 201–214.
  • Durgun, F. (2017). “They Are Worse Than Saracens with Their Strong Hand and Their Arm Stretched in Fight": Multifaceted Context of the Albigensian Crusade” Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10 (48), 176-183.
  • Erdmann, C. (1977). The Origin of the Idea of Crusade. trans.: Marshall W. Baldwin, Walter Goffart. Princeton: Princeton University.
  • Gascón Chopo, C. (2020). “From Occitania to Catalonia. Catharism: the Current State of Research”. Imago temporis: medium Aevum, (14), 103-131.
  • Graham-Leigh, E. (2005). The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge: The Boydell.
  • Hamilton, B. (1978). “The Cathar council of Saint-Félix reconsidered”. Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 48, 23-53.
  • Hamilton, B. (1981). The Medieval Inquisition. New York: Holmes & Meier.
  • Hamilton, J., Hamilton, B., Stoyanov, Y., eds (2011). Bizans Döneminde (650-1405) Hristiyan Düalist Heretikler. çev.: Leyla Kuzucular. Ankara: Yurt.
  • Lambert, M. (1999). The Cathars. Massachusetts: Blackwell.
  • Le Goff, J., ed. (1968). Hérésies et sociétés dans l'Europe pré-industrielle, 11e-18e siècles, Communications et débats du Colloque de Royaumont, 27–30 Mai 1962. Paris: Mouton.
  • Le Roy Ladurie, E. (1984). Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324. trans.: Barbara Bray. London: Penguin.
  • Lea, H. C. (1888). A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Marvin, L. (2008). The Occitan War: A Military and Political History of the Albigensian Crusade, 1209–1218. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Marvin, L. (2013). “The Albigensian Crusade in Anglo-American Historiography, 1888–2013”. History Compass, 11 (12), 1126-1138.
  • McCaffrey, E. (2001). “Memory and Collective Identity in Occitanie: The Cathars in History and Popular Culture”. History and Memory, 13(1), 114–138.
  • McGlynn, S. (2015). Kill Them All: Cathars and Carnage in the Albigensian Crusade. E-book edition. Gloucestershire: The History.
  • Moore, R. I. (1987). The Formation Of A Persecuting Society: Power And Deviance In Western Europe, 950-1250. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Moore, R. I. (2012). The War on Heresy. Cambridge: The Belknapp.
  • Pegg, M. G. (1999). The Corruption of Angels. Princeton: Princeton University.
  • Pegg, M. G. (2008). A Most Holy War: The Albigensian Crusade and the Battle for Christendom. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • Peyrat, N. (1870). Histoire des Albigeois: les Albigeois et l'inquisition. Tome I. Paris: Librairie Internationale.
  • Riley-Smith, J. (1977). What Were the Crusades?. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Roach, A. (2005). The Devil’s World: Heresy and Society 1100-1300. London: Pearson Longman.
  • Runciman, S. (1955) A History of the Crusades. Vol.: III. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Runciman, S. (2003). The Medieval Manichee. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Séguy, J. (1960). “Oldenbourg (Zoé), Le Bûcher de Montségur”. Archives de sociologie des religions. (10), 200-201.
  • Séguy, J. (1961). “Ventura (Jordi), Père el Catolic Simo de Monfort”. Archives de sociologie des religions, (12), 208.
  • Séguy, J. (1962). “Madaule (Jacques), Le drame albigeois et le destin français”. Archives de sociologie des religions. (13), 181-182.
  • Sennis, A., ed. (2016). Cathars in Question. York: York Medieval.
  • Walther, D. (1965). “A Survey of Recent Research on the Albigensian Cathari”. Church History, 34 (2) 146-177.
  • Warner, H. J. (1922). The Albigensian Heresy. Vol: I. New York & Toronto: The Macmillan Co.
  • Weinberger S. (1996). “Paterson (Linda), The World of the Troubadours, Medieval Occitan Society, c. 1100- c. 1300”. Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 74 (3-4), 945-946.
  • Zerner, M., ed. (1998). Inventer l’hérésie? Discours polémiques et pouvoirs avant l'Inquisition. Nice: Centre d'études médiévales.
  • Zerner, M., ed. (2001). L'histoire du catharisme en discussion: le concile de Saint-Félix, 1167. Nice: Centre d'études médiévales.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research/Ttheoretical
Authors

Eray Özer 0000-0002-8102-2898

Publication Date December 24, 2021
Acceptance Date December 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özer, E. (2021). MODERN DÖNEM ALBİ HAÇLI SEFERİ TARİHYAZIMININ GELİŞİMİ VE DEĞİŞEN BAKIŞ AÇILARI. tarihyazımı, 3(2), 265-285.

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