Yönetici Phubbing’i Üzerine Sistematik Bir Derleme: Mevcut Bilgi Birikimi ve Araştırma Boşlukları

Abstract

Akıllı telefonların iş yaşamına giderek daha fazla entegre olmasıyla birlikte, bu cihazların etkilerini anlamaya duyulan ihtiyaç her geçen gün daha da acil hâle gelmektedir. Özellikle “yönetici phubbing’i” olarak adlandırılan olgu —yöneticilerin çalışanlarla etkileşim sırasında mobil telefonlarıyla meşgul olması— olumsuz sonuçlarına ilişkin kanıtların artmasıyla birlikte araştırmacılar arasında giderek daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Akademik ilginin büyümesine ve ampirik çalışmaların sayısındaki artışa rağmen, yönetici phubbing’i araştırmalarını kapsamlı biçimde derleyen incelemeler hâlen sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, yönetici phubbing’i üzerine mevcut literatürün bütüncül biçimde incelenmesi, sentezlenmesi ve eleştirel olarak değerlendirilmesi; araştırma boşluklarının belirlenmesi ve geleceğe dönük araştırma yönlerinin önerilmesi amacıyla Sistematik Literatür Taraması yürütmektedir. Bu derlemenin temel odağı yönetici phubbing’i olmakla birlikte, işyerinde görülen ilişkili phubbing davranışlarını ele alan çalışmalar da kapsama alınmıştır. Toplamda 17 çalışma dâhil edilmiş ve bunlar yönetici phubbing’i, iş arkadaşı phubbing’i, öz-phubbing (kişinin kendi başlattığı phubbing) ve genel işyeri phubbing’i başlıkları altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Derlemeye dâhil edilen çalışmaların bulguları, yönetici phubbing’inin işyeri atmosferini olumsuz etkilediğini; güveni, iş doyumunu, işe angajmanı ve performansı azalttığını; buna karşılık presenteeism’i (işte var olup verimsiz kalma), kabalığı/nezaketsizliği, dışlanmayı ve siber kaytarmayı artırdığını göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, bilinçli farkındalık (mindfulness), özdenetim, güç mesafesi ve kurumsal sosyal medya kullanımı bazı olumsuz etkileri hafifletmektedir. Dağınık durumdaki araştırmaları bir araya getirerek bu derleme, yönetici phubbing’i ve işyerindeki phubbing davranışları ile bunların sonuçlarına ilişkin mevcut bilgiyi netleştirmektedir. Çalışma ayrıca, işyerinde akıllı telefon kullanımına dair açık örgütsel normların oluşturulması ve phubbing davranışını azaltmaya yönelik farkındalık artırıcı eğitim programlarının uygulanması gibi pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, mevcut çalışmaların büyük bölümünün kesitsel ve korelasyonel tasarımlara dayanması, doğrudan nedensel etkilerin incelenmesini sınırlamaktadır. Ayrıca önceki araştırmalar çoğunlukla belirli kültürlere veya sektörlere odaklanmakta; bu durum da genellenebilirliği kısıtlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, belirlenen temel araştırma boşlukları ve sınırlılıklar temelinde gelecekteki araştırmalar için yönlendirici öneriler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• örgütsel davranış
• phubbing
• yönetici phubbing’i
• iş arkadaşı phubbing’i
• iş yerinde phubbing

A Systematic Review of Supervisor Phubbing: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

Abstract

With the growing integration of smartphones into the workplace, the need to understand their impacts is ever more pressing. In particular, the phenomenon known as supervisor phubbing – where supervisors engage with their mobile phones during interactions with employees - has gained increasing interest among scholars as more evidence presents its negative consequences. Despite the growing scholarly interest and the increasing number of empirical studies, comprehensive reviews of supervisor phubbing research remain scarce. Therefore, the present study conducts a Systematic Literature Review to comprehensively examine, synthesize, and critically evaluate the current body of literature on supervisor phubbing, identifying research gaps and suggesting directions for future research. While supervisor phubbing constitutes the central focus of this review, it also includes studies addressing related forms of workplace phubbing behavior. In total, 17 studies were included and categorized into supervisor phubbing, coworker phubbing, self-phubbing (self-initiated phubbing), and general workplace phubbing. Findings from the studies included in this review indicate that supervisor phubbing negatively affects workplace atmosphere, leading to decreased trust, job satisfaction, engagement, and performance while increasing presenteeism, incivility, ostracism, and cyberloafing. Meanwhile, mindfulness, self-control, power-distance, and enterprise social media usage mitigate some negative effects. By synthesizing fragmented research, this review clarifies existing knowledge on supervisor phubbing and workplace phubbing behaviors, as well as their consequences. The study also proposes practical implications, including the establishment of clear organizational norms regarding smartphone use and the implementation of awareness-raising training programs to reduce phubbing behavior in workplace. Despite these valuable insights, most of the existing studies tend to rely on cross-sectional and correlational designs, which limit the exploration of direct causal effects. Additionally, past research mostly focuses on specific cultures or industries, restricting generalizability. Therefore, based on the identified key research gaps and limitations, this study offers future research directions.

Keywords

• Organizational behavior
• Phubbing
• Supervisor phubbing
• Coworker phubbing
• Phubbing at workplace

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