Research Article

Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence

Volume: 11 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
TR EN

Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence

Abstract

This paper presents the comprehensive results of recent archaeological research conducted in the Ain Naga region of Biskra (Algeria), an area notably characterized by a high density of Protohistoric funerary monuments locally known as "Nechaz" or Mounds (Tumuli). Adopting a rigorous interdisciplinary approach, the study effectively combines field archaeological surveys, systematic excavations, and advanced spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within a modern digitization framework. Intensive field surveys successfully identified four primary archaeological sites in the Ain Naga region (Fayd El-sella, Draa Legtar, h’lifia, and Fayd El-sella 2), revealing a strategic spatial organization closely linked to the local topography, which is characterized by open formations intersected by a network of dry watercourses. Advanced GIS processing produced detailed analytical maps, highlighting necropolis distribution patterns associated with the region's topography and the availability of raw materials, reflecting the social behaviors of Protohistoric communities. Furthermore, systematic excavations of selected tumuli yielded invaluable data regarding ancient funerary practices, such as burial positions inferred from the orientation of the discovered skeletons, and the diversity of architectural construction types of intended burial chambers built to preserve bodies and grave goods. Concurrently, a preliminary physical anthropological study of the recovered human skeletal remains determined essential biological characteristics, including sex determination and age-at-death estimations, while successfully identifying specific palaeopathologies and the dominant anthropological type of these communities. These collective results significantly deepen the current understanding of human settlement and lifestyles, elucidating the social, economic, and religious aspects in the Zab region and eastern Algeria. Finally, the study underscores the critical importance of integrating digital technologies in documenting, preserving, and valorizing archaeological heritage.

Keywords

References

  1. Berkani, H., Zazzo, A., & Paris, F. (2015). Les tumulus à couloir et enclos de la Tassili du Fadnoun, Tassili Azger (Algérie): Premières datations par la méthode du radiocarbone. Journal of African Archaeology, 13(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10265
  2. Boutouga, F. (2012). Ressources et Essai de Gestion des eaux dans le Zab Est de Biskra [Magistère]. Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba.
  3. Brooks, S., & Suchey, J. M. (1990). Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: A comparison of the Acsádi-Nemeskéri and Suchey-Brooks methods. Human Evolution, 5(3), 227–238.
  4. Brůžek, J., Santos, F., Dutailly, B., Murail, P., & Cunha, E. (2017). Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 164(2), 440–449. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23282
  5. Camps, G. (1965). Essai de classification des monuments protohistoriques de l’Afrique du Nord. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. Études et travaux, 62(2), 476–481. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1965.4045
  6. Chamla, M.-C., & Ferembach, D. (1988a). Anthropologie (Partie I). Encyclopédie berbère, 5, 713–775. https://doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2523
  7. Chamla, M.-C., & Ferembach, D. (1988b). Anthropologie (Partie II). Encyclopédie berbère, 5, 713–775. https://doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2896
  8. Chebbah, M. (2007). Lithostratigraphie, Sédimentologie et Modèles de Bassins des dépôts néogènes de la région de Biskra, de part et d’autre de l’Accident Sud Atlasique (Zibans, Algerie). [Thèse Doct. D’état]. Université Mentouri.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeology of Asia, Africa and The Americas, Archaeology of Europe, The Mediterranean and The Levant, Archaeology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 1, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 3

APA
Selahdja, B. (2026). Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence. Turkish Academic Research Review, 11(3), 721-739. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1979213
AMA
1.Selahdja B. Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence. tarr. 2026;11(3):721-739. doi:10.30622/tarr.1979213
Chicago
Selahdja, Badreddine. 2026. “Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence”. Turkish Academic Research Review 11 (3): 721-39. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1979213.
EndNote
Selahdja B (September 1, 2026) Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence. Turkish Academic Research Review 11 3 721–739.
IEEE
[1]B. Selahdja, “Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence”, tarr, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 721–739, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.30622/tarr.1979213.
ISNAD
Selahdja, Badreddine. “Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence”. Turkish Academic Research Review 11/3 (September 1, 2026): 721-739. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1979213.
JAMA
1.Selahdja B. Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence. tarr. 2026;11:721–739.
MLA
Selahdja, Badreddine. “Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence”. Turkish Academic Research Review, vol. 11, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 721-39, doi:10.30622/tarr.1979213.
Vancouver
1.Badreddine Selahdja. Survey and Excavation of Protohistoric Mounds (Tumuli) in Ain Naga Region, Biskra (Algeria): Recent Field Evidence. tarr. 2026 Sep. 1;11(3):721-39. doi:10.30622/tarr.1979213