Critical Realist Epistemologies

Abstract

New developments that have taken place in the field of science in the 20^th century required our basic assumptions about nature and knowledge to be reexamined and brought about a new conception of nature based on indeterminism instead of determinism and uncertainty instead of certainty. This new conception of nature brought a change and transformation in the field of epistemology as well, and as the idealism evolved towards postmodernism, realism produced “critical realism” which carries its critique within itself.

This work, after touching upon transformation of realist epistemologies from new realism to critical realism, discusses the nature of critical realist epistemology, the stages of development, dynamics influenced its development, important thinkers contributed and critical realist epistemological schools. Philosophical schools which developed a critical realist epistemology have been analyzed in four categories, American Critical Realists, Neo-Thomist Critical Realists, Marxist Critical Realists and Theological Critical Realists. 

Keywords

• Epistemology,Perception,Realism,Critical Realism,Scientific Realism

ELEŞTİREL GERÇEKÇİ BİLGİ TEORİLERİ

Abstract

XX. Yüzyılda bilim alanında yaşanan gelişmeler doğa ve bilgi hakkındaki temel varsayımlarımızın yeniden gözden geçirilmesini zorunlu kılmış ve neticede determinizm yerine indeterminizmi, kesinlik yerine de belirsizliği temel alan yeni bir dünya tasavvuru ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu yeni dünya tasavvuru epistemoloji konusunda da bir değişim ve dönüşümü ortaya çıkarmış, idealizm postmodernizm yönünde evrilirken, realizm, içerisinde kendi eleştirisini de taşıyan eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi teorilerini netice vermiştir.

Bu çalışmada gerçekçi bilgi teorilerinin yeni gerçekçilikten eleştirel gerçekçiliğe geçirdiği dönüşüme değinilerek eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi teorisinin doğası, gelişim aşamaları, gelişimine etki eden faktörler, katkı sağlayan önemli düşünürler ve eleştirel gerçekçi bilgi teorisi ekolleri incelenmiştir. Eleştirel gerçekçi bir bilgi teorisi geliştiren felsefe ekolleri Amerikan Eleştirel Gerçekçileri, Neo-Thomist Eleştirel Gerçekçiler, Marksist Eleştirel Gerçekçiler ve Teolojik Eleştirel Gerçekçiler olmak üzere dört farklı grupta incelenmiştir. 

Keywords

• Epistemoloji,Algı,Gerçekçilik,Eleştirel Gerçekçilik,Bilimsel Gerçekçilik

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