Filipinler'deki İspanyol Sömürgeciliği: Moro’nun Siyasi ve Kültürel Sorunları (1521-1898)

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 1503 - 1516, 31.12.2021

Mohammad Raveen Anwar

https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1016896

Abstract

Bu makale, İspanyol sömürge idaresi sırasında Filipinler Mindanao'daki Moro halkının sorunlarının tarihî kökenlerinin izini sürüyor, sömürgecilerin Moro halkının sosyo-politik, ekonomik ve kültürel yaşamını nasıl etkilediğini ele alıyor. Çalışmada, İspanyolların Moro Müslümanlarına karşı acımasız davrandıkları, hatta onları Hristiyanlaştırmaya çalıştıkları ve anavatanlarından göçe zorladıkları, Moroların ise kendilerine yapılan dayatmaları kabul etmeyip ve işgalcilerle uzun soluklu bir mücadeleye giriştikleri vurgulanıyor. Bilindiği üzere, tarihte Morolar ve Hıristiyanlar arasındaki çatışma, esas olarak farklı dini kimliklere dayandırılmaktadır. Makalede ise İspanyolların sadece Moro Müslümanları değil, aynı zamanda Filipinli Hıristiyanlar için de büyük yaralar ve acılara sebep oldukları iddia edilmektedir. 300 yıllık uzun İspanyol sömürge yönetimi esnasında meydana gelen Moro-İspanyol savaşları ve Moro-Filipinli Hıristiyan savaşları sonucunda Moroların sosyal faaliyetleri, ekonomisi ve siyasi düzenlerinin alt üst oluşu, bölgenin uzun zamandır "medenileşmemiş" bir yer olarak görülmesine sebep oldu. Bununla birlikte bu çalışmada, söz konusu olgunun, bölgenin komşu ülkelerle olan ticaret yollarının İspanyollar tarafından önünün tıkanmasının doğal bir sonucu olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Moro halkının, vatanlarını ve dinlerini savunmak için gösterdiği azim ve kararlılığın nedenini anlamak ve şimdiye kadar arzuladıkları haklar için verdikleri mücadelelerinin arkasındaki bilgeliği kavramak için Moroların tarihi kökenlerini incelemek şarttır. Bu makalede Moro tarihi de ilgili bağlamda mercek altına alınmıştır.

Keywords

Morolar, İspanyollar, Filipinler, Sömürgecilik, Uzakdoğu.

The Spanish Colonialism in the Philippines; Moro’s Political and Cultural Problems (1521-1898)

Abstract

This article examines the historical origins of the problems of the Moro people in Mindanao, Philippines during Spanish colonial rule. It discusses how the colonialists affected the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the Moro people. It is a fact that the Spaniards were cruel to the Muslim Moro people, even trying to convert them to Christianity and forcing them to emigrate from their homeland. The Moro people, on the other hand, did not accept the impositions on them and engaged in a long-term struggle with the invaders. As it is known, the conflict between Moros and Christians in history is mainly based on different religious identities. The article claims that the Spaniards have caused great wounds and suffering not only to Moro Muslims but also to Filipino Christians. During the 300-year long Spanish colonial rule, the Moro-Spanish wars and Moro-Filipino Christian wars devastated the Moro social activities, economy, and political order. The region has long been seen as an "uncivilized" place. However, this is a natural consequence of the Spaniards blocking the region's trade routes with other neighbouring countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, China and Vietnam. Examining their historical origins is essential to understand why the Moro people are determined to defend their homeland and religion and to grasp the wisdom behind their struggle for the rights they so far have sought. In this study, Moro history is also examined in the relevant context.

Keywords

Moros, Spaniards, Filipinos, Struggles, Colonialism, Far East.

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