Infectious Infectious diseases, which have affected humanity throughout history, are especially seen in collective living spaces and negatively affect human life. Epidemics were also a threatening factor in tekkes and zawiyahs, which played an important role in the social structure of the Ottoman Empire and hosted people from all walks of life. The Meclis-i Meşâyih (1866-1925), which was established within the body of the Şeyhülislam and was responsible for the management and supervision of tekkes, took a number of measures against infectious diseases. The most important of these was the directive issued by the Assembly on the conditions to be taken into consideration in tekkes, where viruses, hygiene, cleanliness and issues to be considered are mentioned. In the directive, it was stated that cleanliness was a pillar of Islam, that the first rule of a healthy life was a life full of decency, that such diseases were more likely to be encountered in social living spaces, and it was recommended that the rules be followed and the issue be taken into consideration. In addition, vaccination was made compulsory for officials working in the offices of the Meşihat and quarantine practices was imposed. This article examines the instructions issued by the Meclis-i Meşâyih on infectious diseases, the measures taken in the office of the Mashihat, and the decisions taken in the books of the Meclis-i Meşâyih in this subject.
ظهرت الأمراض المعدية التي أصابت البشرية على مر التاريخ بشكل خاص في أماكن المعيشة الجماعية وأثرت سلبًا على حياة الإنسان. كانت الأوبئة أيضًا عاملًا مهددًا في المحافل ومحافل الدراويش التي كانت لها مكانة مهمة في البنية الاجتماعية للإمبراطورية العثمانية وكانت تستضيف الناس من جميع مناحي الحياة. وقد اتخذ مجلس المشايح )1866-1925(، الذي أُنشئ ضمن هيئة شيخ الإسلام وكان مسؤولاً عن إدارة التكايا والإشراف عليها، عددًا من التدابير المتعلقة بالأمراض المعدية. وكان أهم هذه التدابير هو التوجيه الذي أصدرته الجمعية بشأن الشروط الواجب مراعاتها في التكايا حيث تم ذكر الفيروسات والنظافة والنظافة والأمور الواجب مراعاتها. وقد جاء في التوجيه أن النظافة شرط من شروط الإسلام، وأن القاعدة الأولى للحياة الصحية هي الحياة الصحية السليمة، وأن هذه الأمراض قد تكثر في أماكن المعيشة الاجتماعية، وأوصى باتباع القواعد ومراعاة هذه المسألة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم جعل التطعيم إجباريًا للموظفين العاملين في مكاتب المشيخة وفرض الحجر الصحي. تتناول هذه المقالة تحليل التعليمات الصادرة عن مجلس المشائخ حول الأمراض المعدية، والتدابير المتخذة في مكتب المشائح، والقرارات المتخذة في كتب مجلس المشائخ حول هذا الموضوع.
Tarih boyunca insanlığı etkileyen bulaşıcı hastalıklar, özellikle toplu yaşam alanlarında görülmekte ve insan hayatını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Salgınlar; Osmanlı Devleti’nin ictimaî yapısında önemli bir yer teşkil eden ve her kesimden insana ev sahipliği yapan tekke ve zaviyelerde de tehdit edici bir unsur olarak gündeme gelmiştir. Şeyhülislamlık bünyesinde tesis edilen ve tekkelerin yönetimi ile denetiminden sorumlu olan Meclis-i Meşâyih (1866-1925), bulaşıcı hastalıklarla ilgili birtakım tedbirler almıştır. Bunlardan en önemlisi; tekkelerde dikkat edilmesi gereken durumlarla ilgili Meclis’in yayınladığı talimatnamedir ve burada virüsler, hijyen ve temizlik ile dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlardan bahsedilmektedir. Talimatnamede; temizliğin İslam’ın şartı olduğu, sağlıklı yaşamın birinci kuralının nezafet dolu bir yaşamdan geçtiği, içtimaî yaşam alanlarında bu tür hastalıklarla daha fazla karşılaşılabileceği belirtilmiş, kurallara uyulması ve konunun dikkate alınması tavsiye edilmiştir. Ayrıca Meşihat dairelerinde görevli memurlara aşı mecburiyeti getirilmiş ve karantina uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, Meclis-i Meşâyihin bulaşıcı hastalıklarla ilgili yayınladığı talimatname ile Meşihat dairesinde alınan tedbirler ve konuyla ilgili Meclis-i Meşâyih defterlerinde ele alınan kararlar incelenecektir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Sufism |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 30, 2024 |
Submission Date | October 22, 2024 |
Acceptance Date | December 2, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 Issue: 54 |
Journal of Sufi Science and Academic Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).