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“Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 65 - 122, 30.06.2021

Abstract

“Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç için Küresel Mutabakat”, dünya nüfusunun % 3.6’sını teşkil eden göçmenlerin haklarının korunması ve göç olgusunun uluslararası düzeyde çözüme kavuşturulması için geniş bir katılımla imzalanan ilk belgedir. İki yılı aşan hazırlık çalışmaları, her ülkenin sahip olduğu farklı göç şartlarına bağlı olarak oldukça tartışmalı geçen müzakere sürecine rağmen, geniş bir katılımla imzalanan Mutabakat, devletlerin göç olgusunu uluslararası düzlemde düzenleme iradelerini yansıtmaktadır. Göç konusunun kalkınma bakış açısıyla ele alınması, ülkelerin sınır yönetimi ve göçmen kabulüne ilişkin egemenlik haklarından kaynaklanan yetkilerini saklı tutmak istemeleri ve düzenli-düzensiz göç ayrımı gibi farklı tartışmalara konu olan hususların ele alındığı metin, göçmenlerin statü farklılığı gözetilmeksizin sahip olduğu haklara vurgu yapılması ve özellikle iklim ve afet kaynaklı göç olgularına yer verilmiş olması bakımından göç yönetiminde yeni bir aşamayı ifade etmektedir. Devletlerin en önemli çekincesini oluşturan bağlayıcılık hususu, metnin bağlayıcı olmadığının net bir biçimde belirtilmesiyle çözüme kavuşturulmuştur. Dört yılda bir yapılması planlanan “Küresel Göç İzleme Forumu” kapsamında Mutabakat metninin devletlerce uygulanmasının izlenmesi dışında da devletlere herhangi bir somut sorumluluk yüklenmemiştir.
Bugün, devletlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu uluslararası göç olgusunun daha iyi yönetilmesi gerektiğini ve aralarında işbirliği olmaksızın kendi başlarına bu hususun üstesinden gelemeyeceklerini kabul etmektedirler. Ancak hem ülkesel çıkarlar, dış ilişkiler, güvenlik ve ekonomik kaygılar gibi farklı sebeplerle hem de göçün kontrolü ve geri kabul gibi hususlardaki anlaşmazlıklar nedeniyle, devletler göçmenlere karşı olan sorumluluklarını göz ardı etmektedirler. Göç, insan hakları kuramının evrensel tanımlaması ile devlet egemenliğinin gerekleri arasında sıkışmış durumdadır.
Mutabakatın mevcut haliyle bağlayıcı olmadığı, dolayısıyla kapsamlı ve etkili bir göç yönetimi oluşturmaktan uzak olduğu doktrinde sıklıkla ifade edilmektedir. Ancak mutabakat metinleri ve beraberinde getirdikleri işbirliği mekanizmaları, uzun vadede farklı çalışmalara kapı aralayabilmekte ve özellikle devletler dışındaki aktörlerin de sürece dahil edilmesi ve ek desteklerle, en azından mevcut kazanımların korunmasına katkı sağlayabilmektedirler. Bu bakış açısıyla Küresel Göç Mutabakatı, günümüzün en büyük sorunlarından birinin, uluslararası toplum olarak birlikte ele alınması çabasının sadece niyetini ve başlangıcını oluşturmaktadır. Devletlerin geniş desteği ile göçün uluslararası yönetimine zemin oluşturacak bir kapasiteye sahiptir ve gelecekteki bağlayıcı çalışmalar için uygun temeli oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca Mutabakat, belirlediği her bir hedefin gerçekleştirilmesi için devletlerin kendi durumlarına en uygun olan usulü seçebilecekleri bir yol haritası ve seçenekler menüsü de sağlamaktadır. Ancak son tahlilde süreç, mevcut uluslararası taahhütlerine ek herhangi bir taahhüt altına girmek istemeyen ve sınır kontrolünü egemenlik yetkisi kapsamında değerlendiren devletlerin, söz konusu Mutabakat metninin hedeflerini nasıl hayata geçireceklerine yönelik çabalarıyla şekillenecektir.

References

  • ALEINIKOFF Alexander T., “International Legal Norms on Migration: Substance without Architecture” in International Migration Law: Developing Paradigms and Key Challenges, Editörler: Ryszard Cholewinski/ Euan MacDonald/ Richard Perruchoud, TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2007, 467-479.
  • ALEINIKOFF Alexander T., “The Unfinished Work of the Global Compact of Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 611-617.
  • ALLINSON Kathryn/ ERDUNAST Paul/ GUILD Elsepeth/ BAŞARAN Tuğba, GCM Commentary: The Legal Status of the UN’s Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration in International Law and UK Law, RLI Blog on Refugee Law and Forced Migration, 31 Ocak 2019, London, SAS, 2019, https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2019/01/31/gcm-commentary-the-legal-sta- tus/(Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • ANDERSON Perry, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, Verso World History Series, Nisan 2013.
  • BETTS Alexander, “Introduction: Global Migration Governance”, Global Migration Governance, Editör: Alexander Betts, OUP, 2011, 1-29.
  • COSTELLO Cathryn, “Refugees and (Other) Migrants: Will the Global Compacts Ensure Safe Flight and Onward Mobility for Refugees?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 643-649.
  • CRÉPEAU François, “Towards a Mobile and Diverse World: ‘Facilitating Mobility’ as a Central Objecive of the Global Compact on Migration”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 30 (4), 2018, 650-656.
  • DANIŞ, Didem, “Küreselleşme, Ulusötesi Göç ve Ulus-Devlet”, Küreselleşme ve Demokrasi; Küreselleşmenin Farklı Yüzleri, Editörler: Özgür Akdağ/ Cemil Yıldızcan, Dipnot Yayınları, 2011.
  • DAUVERGNE Catherine, “Irregular Migration, State Sovereignty and the Rule of Law” Research Handbook on International Law and Migration, Editörler: Vincent Chetail/Céline Bauloz, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2014, 75-92.
  • DE BÚRCA Grainne, “Human Rights Experimentalism”, American Journal of International Law, 2017, Cilt: 111, Sayı: 2, 277-316.
  • DE BÚRCA Grainne/ KEOHANE Robert/SABEL Charles F., “Global Experimentalist Governance”, British Journal of Political Science, 2014, Cilt: 44, Sayı: 3, 477-486.
  • DE GUCHTENEIRE P. / PECOUD A. /CHOLEWINSKI R., Migration and Human Rights, The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers’ Rights, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, Editörler: John P. Grant/ J. Craig Bar- ker, 3. Bası, Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • FINNEMORE Martha/SIKKINK Kathryn, “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change”, International Organization, 1998, Cilt: 52, 887-917.
  • FITZGERALD David Scott, Refugee Beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers, Oxford University Press, New York, 2019.
  • GAMMELTOFT-HANSEN Thomas/ GUILD Elspeth/ ROELEIsobel/PANIZ- ZON Marion/ MORENO-LAX Violeta, What is a Compact? Migrant’s Rights and State Responsibilities Regarding the Design of the UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, Raoul Wallenberg Institute Paper, Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights, Lund, 2017, https://rwi.lu.se/publicati- ons/compact-migrants-rights-state-responsibilities-regarding-design-un- global-compact-safe-orderly-regular-migration/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • GARLICK Madeline/INDER Claire, “Protection of Refugees and Migrants in the Era of the Global Compacts- Ensuring Support and Avoiding Gaps”, International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 2021, Cilt: 23, Sayı: 2, 207-226.
  • GATTI Mauro, “EU States’ Exit from the Global Compact on Migration: A Breach of Loyalty”, European Union, Migration, UN Compact for Migration, 14.02.2018, https://eumigrationlawblog.eu/eu-states-exit-from-the-global- compact-on-migration-a-breach-of-l oyalty.
  • GOODWIN-GILL, Guy/McADAM, Jane. The Refugee in International Law, 3. Bası, OUP 2007.
  • GUILD Elspeth, The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: What Place for Human Rights?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol 30, No. 4, 661-663.
  • GUILD Elspeth/ GRANT Stephanie, What Role for the EU in the UN Negotiations on a Global Compact on Migration?, CEPS Research Report 2017/05, Brüksel, CEPS, 2017.
  • GUILD Elspeth & GRANT Stephanie, Migration Governance in the UN: What is the Global Compact and What does it Mean?, Queen Mary University of London School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No: 252/2017, https://pa- pers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2895636 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • GÜRİZ Adnan, Hukuk Başlangıcı- Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Genişletilmiş, Siyasal Kitabevi, 7. Baskı, Ankara, Eylül 1999.
  • HATHAWAY James C., “The Global Cop-Out on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 591- 604.
  • HEIJER M. Den/ SPIJKERBOER T., Is the EU-Turkey Refugee and Migration Deal a Treaty? (EU Law Analysis, 7 Nisan 2016, European Union, Brussels, 2016, http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com/2016/04/is-eu-turkey-refugee-and-mig- ration-deal.html, (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • KÄLIN Walter, “From the Nansen Principles to the Nansen Initiative”, Forced Migration Review, 2012, Cilt: 41, 48-49.
  • KÄLIN Walter, “The Global Compact on Migration: A Ray Hope for Disaster- Displaced Persons”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 664-667.
  • KLEIN-SOLOMON Michele/SHELDON Suzanne, “The Global Compact for Migration: From the Sustainable Development Goals to a Comprehensive Agreement on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 584-590.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “The UN Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees- A Case for Experimentalist Governance?”, Global Governance, 2020, Cilt: 26, 673-696.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 2018, Cilt: 56, Sayı: 5, 1195-1212.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Migration Governance in The UN: What is the Global Compact and What does it mean?”, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 252/2017.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Shifting-Up and Out: the Foreign Policy of European Immigration Control”, West European Politics, 2006, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 2, 329-350.
  • McADAM Jane, Climate Change, Forced Migration, and International Law, Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • McADAM Jane, “The Global Compacts: A New Era for International Protection?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 571-574.
  • MELIN Pauline, “The Global Compact for Migration: Lessons for the Unity of EU Representation”, European Journal of Migration and Law, 2019, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 9, 194-214.
  • MOHAMMED Amina, “Implementation will be Ultimate Proof of Success”, UN Press Release No. DSG/SM(1183-DEV/3338, 7 Haziran 2018, https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/dsgsm1183.doc.htm (Erişim tarihi: 01.01.2021).
  • NEWLAND Kathleen, “The Governance of International Migration: Mechanisms, Processes, and Institutions”, Global Governance, 2010, Cilt: 16, Sayı: 3, 331-343.
  • NEWLAND Kathleen, “The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: An Unlikely Achievement”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 657-660.
  • ÖZENÇ Berke, Hukuk Devleti- Kökenleri ve Küreselleşme Çağındaki İşlevi, İletişim Yayınları, 3. Bası, İstanbul, 2020.
  • ROBINSON William I., “Beyond the Theory of Imperialism: Global Capitalism and the Transnational State”, Societies without Borders, 2007, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, 2007.
  • RUGGIE John G., “Reconstituting the Global Public Domain- Issues, Actors, and Practices”, European Journal of International Relations, 2004, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 4, 499-531.
  • SCOTT Matthew, “Migration/Refugee Law”, Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online, 2018, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 1, 462-472.
  • STEGER Manfred, Küreselleşme, Dost Kitabevi, 2006.
  • RUGGIE John G., “Reconstituting the Global Public Domain- Issues, Actors, and Practices”, European Journal of International Relations, 2004, 10(4), 499-531. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History, Editörler: Joan Shelley Rubin/ Scott E. Casper, Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • THORBURN Joanne. “Transcending Boundaries: Temporary Protection and Burden-sharing in Europe”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 7, S. 3, 1995, 459-480.
  • THOUEZ Colleen, “Cities as Emergent International Actors in the Field of Migration: Evidence from the Lead-up and Adoption of the UN Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees”, Global Governance, 2020, Cilt: 26, Sayı: 4, 650-673.
  • TÜRK Volker, “The Promise and Potential of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 575-583.
  • TÜRK Volker/DOWD Rebecca, “Protection Gaps”, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Migration Studies, Editörler: Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh/ Gil Loescher/ Kathy Long/ Nando Sigona, Oxford, 2014, 278-289.
  • WOOD, Ellen Meiksins, “Küreselleşme ve Devlet: Sermayenin iktidarı Nerede?”, çev. Emel Kahraman, Kapitalizme Reddiye, Hazırlayan: Alfredo Saad Filho, Yordam Yayınları, 2006, 155-172.

Eine Auswertung des globalen Paktes für eine sichere, geordnete und reguläre Migration

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 65 - 122, 30.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • ALEINIKOFF Alexander T., “International Legal Norms on Migration: Substance without Architecture” in International Migration Law: Developing Paradigms and Key Challenges, Editörler: Ryszard Cholewinski/ Euan MacDonald/ Richard Perruchoud, TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2007, 467-479.
  • ALEINIKOFF Alexander T., “The Unfinished Work of the Global Compact of Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 611-617.
  • ALLINSON Kathryn/ ERDUNAST Paul/ GUILD Elsepeth/ BAŞARAN Tuğba, GCM Commentary: The Legal Status of the UN’s Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration in International Law and UK Law, RLI Blog on Refugee Law and Forced Migration, 31 Ocak 2019, London, SAS, 2019, https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2019/01/31/gcm-commentary-the-legal-sta- tus/(Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • ANDERSON Perry, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, Verso World History Series, Nisan 2013.
  • BETTS Alexander, “Introduction: Global Migration Governance”, Global Migration Governance, Editör: Alexander Betts, OUP, 2011, 1-29.
  • COSTELLO Cathryn, “Refugees and (Other) Migrants: Will the Global Compacts Ensure Safe Flight and Onward Mobility for Refugees?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 643-649.
  • CRÉPEAU François, “Towards a Mobile and Diverse World: ‘Facilitating Mobility’ as a Central Objecive of the Global Compact on Migration”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 30 (4), 2018, 650-656.
  • DANIŞ, Didem, “Küreselleşme, Ulusötesi Göç ve Ulus-Devlet”, Küreselleşme ve Demokrasi; Küreselleşmenin Farklı Yüzleri, Editörler: Özgür Akdağ/ Cemil Yıldızcan, Dipnot Yayınları, 2011.
  • DAUVERGNE Catherine, “Irregular Migration, State Sovereignty and the Rule of Law” Research Handbook on International Law and Migration, Editörler: Vincent Chetail/Céline Bauloz, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2014, 75-92.
  • DE BÚRCA Grainne, “Human Rights Experimentalism”, American Journal of International Law, 2017, Cilt: 111, Sayı: 2, 277-316.
  • DE BÚRCA Grainne/ KEOHANE Robert/SABEL Charles F., “Global Experimentalist Governance”, British Journal of Political Science, 2014, Cilt: 44, Sayı: 3, 477-486.
  • DE GUCHTENEIRE P. / PECOUD A. /CHOLEWINSKI R., Migration and Human Rights, The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers’ Rights, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law, Editörler: John P. Grant/ J. Craig Bar- ker, 3. Bası, Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • FINNEMORE Martha/SIKKINK Kathryn, “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change”, International Organization, 1998, Cilt: 52, 887-917.
  • FITZGERALD David Scott, Refugee Beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers, Oxford University Press, New York, 2019.
  • GAMMELTOFT-HANSEN Thomas/ GUILD Elspeth/ ROELEIsobel/PANIZ- ZON Marion/ MORENO-LAX Violeta, What is a Compact? Migrant’s Rights and State Responsibilities Regarding the Design of the UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, Raoul Wallenberg Institute Paper, Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights, Lund, 2017, https://rwi.lu.se/publicati- ons/compact-migrants-rights-state-responsibilities-regarding-design-un- global-compact-safe-orderly-regular-migration/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • GARLICK Madeline/INDER Claire, “Protection of Refugees and Migrants in the Era of the Global Compacts- Ensuring Support and Avoiding Gaps”, International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 2021, Cilt: 23, Sayı: 2, 207-226.
  • GATTI Mauro, “EU States’ Exit from the Global Compact on Migration: A Breach of Loyalty”, European Union, Migration, UN Compact for Migration, 14.02.2018, https://eumigrationlawblog.eu/eu-states-exit-from-the-global- compact-on-migration-a-breach-of-l oyalty.
  • GOODWIN-GILL, Guy/McADAM, Jane. The Refugee in International Law, 3. Bası, OUP 2007.
  • GUILD Elspeth, The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: What Place for Human Rights?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol 30, No. 4, 661-663.
  • GUILD Elspeth/ GRANT Stephanie, What Role for the EU in the UN Negotiations on a Global Compact on Migration?, CEPS Research Report 2017/05, Brüksel, CEPS, 2017.
  • GUILD Elspeth & GRANT Stephanie, Migration Governance in the UN: What is the Global Compact and What does it Mean?, Queen Mary University of London School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No: 252/2017, https://pa- pers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2895636 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • GÜRİZ Adnan, Hukuk Başlangıcı- Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Genişletilmiş, Siyasal Kitabevi, 7. Baskı, Ankara, Eylül 1999.
  • HATHAWAY James C., “The Global Cop-Out on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 591- 604.
  • HEIJER M. Den/ SPIJKERBOER T., Is the EU-Turkey Refugee and Migration Deal a Treaty? (EU Law Analysis, 7 Nisan 2016, European Union, Brussels, 2016, http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com/2016/04/is-eu-turkey-refugee-and-mig- ration-deal.html, (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • KÄLIN Walter, “From the Nansen Principles to the Nansen Initiative”, Forced Migration Review, 2012, Cilt: 41, 48-49.
  • KÄLIN Walter, “The Global Compact on Migration: A Ray Hope for Disaster- Displaced Persons”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 664-667.
  • KLEIN-SOLOMON Michele/SHELDON Suzanne, “The Global Compact for Migration: From the Sustainable Development Goals to a Comprehensive Agreement on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 584-590.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “The UN Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees- A Case for Experimentalist Governance?”, Global Governance, 2020, Cilt: 26, 673-696.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 2018, Cilt: 56, Sayı: 5, 1195-1212.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Migration Governance in The UN: What is the Global Compact and What does it mean?”, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 252/2017.
  • LAVANEX Sandra, “Shifting-Up and Out: the Foreign Policy of European Immigration Control”, West European Politics, 2006, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 2, 329-350.
  • McADAM Jane, Climate Change, Forced Migration, and International Law, Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • McADAM Jane, “The Global Compacts: A New Era for International Protection?”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 571-574.
  • MELIN Pauline, “The Global Compact for Migration: Lessons for the Unity of EU Representation”, European Journal of Migration and Law, 2019, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 9, 194-214.
  • MOHAMMED Amina, “Implementation will be Ultimate Proof of Success”, UN Press Release No. DSG/SM(1183-DEV/3338, 7 Haziran 2018, https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/dsgsm1183.doc.htm (Erişim tarihi: 01.01.2021).
  • NEWLAND Kathleen, “The Governance of International Migration: Mechanisms, Processes, and Institutions”, Global Governance, 2010, Cilt: 16, Sayı: 3, 331-343.
  • NEWLAND Kathleen, “The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: An Unlikely Achievement”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 657-660.
  • ÖZENÇ Berke, Hukuk Devleti- Kökenleri ve Küreselleşme Çağındaki İşlevi, İletişim Yayınları, 3. Bası, İstanbul, 2020.
  • ROBINSON William I., “Beyond the Theory of Imperialism: Global Capitalism and the Transnational State”, Societies without Borders, 2007, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, 2007.
  • RUGGIE John G., “Reconstituting the Global Public Domain- Issues, Actors, and Practices”, European Journal of International Relations, 2004, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 4, 499-531.
  • SCOTT Matthew, “Migration/Refugee Law”, Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online, 2018, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 1, 462-472.
  • STEGER Manfred, Küreselleşme, Dost Kitabevi, 2006.
  • RUGGIE John G., “Reconstituting the Global Public Domain- Issues, Actors, and Practices”, European Journal of International Relations, 2004, 10(4), 499-531. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History, Editörler: Joan Shelley Rubin/ Scott E. Casper, Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • THORBURN Joanne. “Transcending Boundaries: Temporary Protection and Burden-sharing in Europe”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 7, S. 3, 1995, 459-480.
  • THOUEZ Colleen, “Cities as Emergent International Actors in the Field of Migration: Evidence from the Lead-up and Adoption of the UN Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees”, Global Governance, 2020, Cilt: 26, Sayı: 4, 650-673.
  • TÜRK Volker, “The Promise and Potential of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, 2018, Cilt: 30, Sayı: 4, 575-583.
  • TÜRK Volker/DOWD Rebecca, “Protection Gaps”, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Migration Studies, Editörler: Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh/ Gil Loescher/ Kathy Long/ Nando Sigona, Oxford, 2014, 278-289.
  • WOOD, Ellen Meiksins, “Küreselleşme ve Devlet: Sermayenin iktidarı Nerede?”, çev. Emel Kahraman, Kapitalizme Reddiye, Hazırlayan: Alfredo Saad Filho, Yordam Yayınları, 2006, 155-172.

“Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration” an Assessment

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 65 - 122, 30.06.2021

Abstract

“The Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration”, is the first international document signed with broad participation to manage migration in international level and protect the rights of migrants, which constitute 3.6% of the world population. The Compact deals with various controversial subjects ranging from regulating migration from a development perspective to balancing the countries’ desire to keep their authority arising from their sovereign rights regarding border management or preserving the distinction of regular and irregular migration. Moreover, the Compact reflects a highly innovative perspective by emphasizing the rights of migrants regardless of their status and recognizing disaster and climate change-related migration. The bindingness issue, which constitutes the most important reservation of the states, was resolved with a clear statement, and no further concrete responsibility was imposed on the states other than monitoring the implementation of the Compact within the scope of the Global Migration Monitoring Forum.
Today most of the states accept that international migration urges to be managed by international cooperation. Nevertheless, due to different reasons as national interests, foreign relations, security and economic concerns, many conflicts arise between states regarding the responsibilities towards asylum seekers, migration control and readmission. Therefore activities of the states are stuck between the universal definition of human rights theory and the requirements of state sovereignty.
Although the Compact is criticized for not being binding in its current form and therefore being far from establishing a comprehensive and effective migration management, the compacts in general, and the cooperation mechanisms they bring with, can open the door to different studies in the long term. Especially by the inclusion of different actors, and additional support, compacts -at least- can conduce to the preservation of the current stage reached. In addition, with broad support from states, the Compact has the capacity to lay the ground for international management of migration, and provides the appropriate basis for future binding attempts. The Compact reflects the intention and the beginning of the effort to deal with one of the biggest problems of today as an international community. Thus it provides a roadmap and a menu of options from where States can choose the one that best fits their unique situation in order to achieve each goal it sets. However, in the final analysis, the process will be shaped by the efforts of the states -that do not want to make any further international commitments and see border control as a sovereign power- and how they will implement the objectives of the Compact.

References

  • ALEINIKOFF Alexander T., “International Legal Norms on Migration: Substance without Architecture” in International Migration Law: Developing Paradigms and Key Challenges, Editörler: Ryszard Cholewinski/ Euan MacDonald/ Richard Perruchoud, TMC Asser Press, The Hague, 2007, 467-479.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esra Yılmaz Eren 0000-0001-5422-9247

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz Eren, E. (2021). “Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 65-122.
AMA Yılmaz Eren E. “Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. ZtdR. June 2021;3(1):65-122.
Chicago Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “‘Güvenli, Sistemli Ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat’ Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3, no. 1 (June 2021): 65-122.
EndNote Yılmaz Eren E (June 1, 2021) “Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3 1 65–122.
IEEE E. Yılmaz Eren, “‘Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat’ Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, ZtdR, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 65–122, 2021.
ISNAD Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “‘Güvenli, Sistemli Ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat’ Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3/1 (June 2021), 65-122.
JAMA Yılmaz Eren E. “Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. ZtdR. 2021;3:65–122.
MLA Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “‘Güvenli, Sistemli Ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat’ Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 65-122.
Vancouver Yılmaz Eren E. “Güvenli, Sistemli ve Düzenli Göç İçin Küresel Mutabakat” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. ZtdR. 2021;3(1):65-122.