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Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 3 - 51, 28.12.2021

Abstract

Birleşmiş̧ Milletler Genel Kurulu tarafından 10 Aralık 1948 tarihinde kabul edilen Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi (“Evrensel Bildiri”) yalnızca evrensel insan haklarını değil, hakların sınırlarını ve bireyin içinde yaşadığı topluma karşı ödevlerinin olduğu düşüncesini de ilan etmişti. Evrensel Bildiri’nin 29. maddesi, sırasıyla, bireyin içinde yaşadığı topluma karşı ödevlerini vurgulamış̧ (1. fıkra); hakların hangi amaçlar ve hangi koşullara uygun olarak sınırlandırılabileceğini tanımlamış̧ (2. fıkra) ve hakların Birleşmiş Milletlerin amaç̧ ve ilkelerine aykırı olarak kullanılmasını yasaklamıştı (3. fıkra). Bu yazı, ilk olarak, Evrensel Bildiri’nin hazırlık çalışmaları sırasında beliren anlaşma ve anlaşmazlıkların hakların sınırlarını düzenleyen ve hakları ödevlerle ilişkilendiren 29. maddeye nasıl biçim verdiğini anlamayı amaçlıyor. İkinci olaraksa, Evrensel Bildiri’den sonra gelen insan hakları belgelerinin ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nın benzer hükümlerinin 29. madde ile ortaklık ve farklılıklarını tespit etmeyi amaçlıyor.

References

  • ANTKOWIAC, Thomas M. ve Alejandra Gonza, The American Convention on Human Rights: Essential Rights, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • BREMS, Eva. Universality and Diversity, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001.
  • DAES, Erica-Irene A. The Individual’s Duties to the Community and the Limitations on Human Rights and Freedoms under Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Contribution to the Freedom of the Individual Under Law, E/CN.4/Sub.2/432/Rev. 2, New York: United Nations, 1983.
  • DEMİR-GÜRSEL, Esra. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi'nin 8-11. Maddelerinde Korunan Haklar ve Demokratik Toplumun Sınırları, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2014.
  • DIJK, Pieter van, vd. (eds.), Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, 4. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2006.
  • D’SA, Rose M. “Human and Peoples’ Rights: Distinctive Features of the African Charter,” Journal of African Law, Sayı: 29, 1985, ss. 72-81.
  • GARIBALDI, Oscar M. “On the Ideological Content of Human Rights Instruments: The Clause ‘In a Democratic Society,’” Contemporary Issues in International Law: Essays in Honor of Louis B. Sohn, Editor: Thomas Buergenthal, Kehl: N. P. Engel, 1984, ss. 23-68.
  • GORSKI, Simone. “Individuals in International Law,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, August 2013: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e829?rskey=Gbt6wv&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GROSSMAN, Claudio M. “American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948),” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e749?rskey=KqKEuz&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GUTAN, Bianca Selejan. “Cultural Rights of Migrants: Living Together in Dignity?,” Migration and The European Convention on Human Rights, ed. Başak Çalı, Ledi Bianku ve Julia Motoc, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, ss. 175-195.
  • HODGSON, Douglas. Individual Duty within a Human Rights Discourse, Ashgate, 2003.
  • İNCEOĞLU, Sibel. “Hak ve Özgürlükleri Sınırlama ve Güvence Rejimi,” İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Anayasa: Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Kapsamında Bir İnceleme, Editör: Sibel İnceoğlu, Ankara: Avrupa Konseyi, 2013.
  • KARAN, Ulaş. İfade Özgürlüğü - Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne Bireysel Başvuru El Kitapları Serisi-2, Avrupa Konseyi, 2018.
  • MEDINA, Cecilia. The American Convention on Human Rights: Crucial Rights and Their Theory and Practice, Intersentia, 2. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2017.
  • MORSINK, Johannes. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent, Philedelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
  • MURRAY, Rachal. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights – A Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • MUTUA, Makau. “The Banjul Charter and the African Cultural Fingerprint: An Evaluation of the Language of Duties," Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in Africa, ed. Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, London: Zed Books, 2002, ss. 68-107.
  • NOWAK, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary, 2. Baskı, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N.P. Engel, 2005.
  • OBSAHL, Torkel. “Articles 29 and 30,” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary, Ed. Asbjørn Eide vd., Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1992, ss. 449-470.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. “African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e741?rskey=fqJY3k&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: A Comprehensive Agenda for Human Dignity and Sustainable Democracy in Africa, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2003.
  • PAUST, Jordan J. “The Other Side of Right: Private Duties under Human Rights Law,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 5, 1992, ss. 51-63.
  • SAĞLAM, Fazıl. “İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi'nde Tüm Hak ve Özgürlüklere Yönelik Kurallar Üzerine Bir Deneme,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 25, Sayı 2, 2019, ss. 1236-1252.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SHANY, Yuval. “Can Strasbourg be replicated in a global level? A View from Geneva,” The European Court of Human Rights: Current Challenges from a Historical Perspective, ed. Helmut Philipp Aust & Esra Demir-Gürsel, Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, ss. 71- 88.
  • WEBBER, Grégoire C. N. The Negotiable Constitution: On the Limitation of Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Artikel 29 der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte und Seine Spuren in den Nachfolgedokumenten: Pflichten des Einzelnen und die Grenzen der Menschenrechte

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 3 - 51, 28.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • ANTKOWIAC, Thomas M. ve Alejandra Gonza, The American Convention on Human Rights: Essential Rights, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • BREMS, Eva. Universality and Diversity, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001.
  • DAES, Erica-Irene A. The Individual’s Duties to the Community and the Limitations on Human Rights and Freedoms under Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Contribution to the Freedom of the Individual Under Law, E/CN.4/Sub.2/432/Rev. 2, New York: United Nations, 1983.
  • DEMİR-GÜRSEL, Esra. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi'nin 8-11. Maddelerinde Korunan Haklar ve Demokratik Toplumun Sınırları, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2014.
  • DIJK, Pieter van, vd. (eds.), Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, 4. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2006.
  • D’SA, Rose M. “Human and Peoples’ Rights: Distinctive Features of the African Charter,” Journal of African Law, Sayı: 29, 1985, ss. 72-81.
  • GARIBALDI, Oscar M. “On the Ideological Content of Human Rights Instruments: The Clause ‘In a Democratic Society,’” Contemporary Issues in International Law: Essays in Honor of Louis B. Sohn, Editor: Thomas Buergenthal, Kehl: N. P. Engel, 1984, ss. 23-68.
  • GORSKI, Simone. “Individuals in International Law,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, August 2013: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e829?rskey=Gbt6wv&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GROSSMAN, Claudio M. “American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948),” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e749?rskey=KqKEuz&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GUTAN, Bianca Selejan. “Cultural Rights of Migrants: Living Together in Dignity?,” Migration and The European Convention on Human Rights, ed. Başak Çalı, Ledi Bianku ve Julia Motoc, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, ss. 175-195.
  • HODGSON, Douglas. Individual Duty within a Human Rights Discourse, Ashgate, 2003.
  • İNCEOĞLU, Sibel. “Hak ve Özgürlükleri Sınırlama ve Güvence Rejimi,” İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Anayasa: Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Kapsamında Bir İnceleme, Editör: Sibel İnceoğlu, Ankara: Avrupa Konseyi, 2013.
  • KARAN, Ulaş. İfade Özgürlüğü - Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne Bireysel Başvuru El Kitapları Serisi-2, Avrupa Konseyi, 2018.
  • MEDINA, Cecilia. The American Convention on Human Rights: Crucial Rights and Their Theory and Practice, Intersentia, 2. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2017.
  • MORSINK, Johannes. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent, Philedelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
  • MURRAY, Rachal. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights – A Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • MUTUA, Makau. “The Banjul Charter and the African Cultural Fingerprint: An Evaluation of the Language of Duties," Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in Africa, ed. Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, London: Zed Books, 2002, ss. 68-107.
  • NOWAK, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary, 2. Baskı, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N.P. Engel, 2005.
  • OBSAHL, Torkel. “Articles 29 and 30,” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary, Ed. Asbjørn Eide vd., Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1992, ss. 449-470.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. “African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e741?rskey=fqJY3k&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: A Comprehensive Agenda for Human Dignity and Sustainable Democracy in Africa, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2003.
  • PAUST, Jordan J. “The Other Side of Right: Private Duties under Human Rights Law,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 5, 1992, ss. 51-63.
  • SAĞLAM, Fazıl. “İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi'nde Tüm Hak ve Özgürlüklere Yönelik Kurallar Üzerine Bir Deneme,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 25, Sayı 2, 2019, ss. 1236-1252.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SHANY, Yuval. “Can Strasbourg be replicated in a global level? A View from Geneva,” The European Court of Human Rights: Current Challenges from a Historical Perspective, ed. Helmut Philipp Aust & Esra Demir-Gürsel, Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, ss. 71- 88.
  • WEBBER, Grégoire C. N. The Negotiable Constitution: On the Limitation of Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Its Legacies: Duties of The Individual and the Limits of Human Rights

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 3 - 51, 28.12.2021

Abstract

Adopted on 10 December 1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ("Universal Declaration") did not only pronounce universal human rights but also their limitations along with the idea that individuals bear duties to the community in which they live. Article 29 of the Universal Declaration has, respectively, emphasized the duties of the individual (paragraph 1), defined the aims and the conditions of the limitations of rights (paragraph 2), and proscribed the use of rights in breach of the aims and principles of the United Nations (paragraph 3). This essay seeks, first, to understand how the agreements and disagreements among the drafters gave Article 29 its final shape during the preparatory work for the Universal Declaration. Second, it aims to delineate the similar and distinct wordings and interpretations of the corresponding provisions of international documents that were drafted after the Universal Declaration as well as the corresponding provisions of the Turkish Constitution.

References

  • ANTKOWIAC, Thomas M. ve Alejandra Gonza, The American Convention on Human Rights: Essential Rights, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • BREMS, Eva. Universality and Diversity, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001.
  • DAES, Erica-Irene A. The Individual’s Duties to the Community and the Limitations on Human Rights and Freedoms under Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Contribution to the Freedom of the Individual Under Law, E/CN.4/Sub.2/432/Rev. 2, New York: United Nations, 1983.
  • DEMİR-GÜRSEL, Esra. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi'nin 8-11. Maddelerinde Korunan Haklar ve Demokratik Toplumun Sınırları, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2014.
  • DIJK, Pieter van, vd. (eds.), Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, 4. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2006.
  • D’SA, Rose M. “Human and Peoples’ Rights: Distinctive Features of the African Charter,” Journal of African Law, Sayı: 29, 1985, ss. 72-81.
  • GARIBALDI, Oscar M. “On the Ideological Content of Human Rights Instruments: The Clause ‘In a Democratic Society,’” Contemporary Issues in International Law: Essays in Honor of Louis B. Sohn, Editor: Thomas Buergenthal, Kehl: N. P. Engel, 1984, ss. 23-68.
  • GORSKI, Simone. “Individuals in International Law,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, August 2013: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e829?rskey=Gbt6wv&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GROSSMAN, Claudio M. “American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948),” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e749?rskey=KqKEuz&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • GUTAN, Bianca Selejan. “Cultural Rights of Migrants: Living Together in Dignity?,” Migration and The European Convention on Human Rights, ed. Başak Çalı, Ledi Bianku ve Julia Motoc, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, ss. 175-195.
  • HODGSON, Douglas. Individual Duty within a Human Rights Discourse, Ashgate, 2003.
  • İNCEOĞLU, Sibel. “Hak ve Özgürlükleri Sınırlama ve Güvence Rejimi,” İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Anayasa: Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Kapsamında Bir İnceleme, Editör: Sibel İnceoğlu, Ankara: Avrupa Konseyi, 2013.
  • KARAN, Ulaş. İfade Özgürlüğü - Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne Bireysel Başvuru El Kitapları Serisi-2, Avrupa Konseyi, 2018.
  • MEDINA, Cecilia. The American Convention on Human Rights: Crucial Rights and Their Theory and Practice, Intersentia, 2. Baskı, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2017.
  • MORSINK, Johannes. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent, Philedelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
  • MURRAY, Rachal. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights – A Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • MUTUA, Makau. “The Banjul Charter and the African Cultural Fingerprint: An Evaluation of the Language of Duties," Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in Africa, ed. Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, London: Zed Books, 2002, ss. 68-107.
  • NOWAK, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary, 2. Baskı, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N.P. Engel, 2005.
  • OBSAHL, Torkel. “Articles 29 and 30,” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary, Ed. Asbjørn Eide vd., Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1992, ss. 449-470.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. “African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Ekim 2010: http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e741?rskey=fqJY3k&result=1&prd=EPIL.
  • OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: A Comprehensive Agenda for Human Dignity and Sustainable Democracy in Africa, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2003.
  • PAUST, Jordan J. “The Other Side of Right: Private Duties under Human Rights Law,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 5, 1992, ss. 51-63.
  • SAĞLAM, Fazıl. “İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi'nde Tüm Hak ve Özgürlüklere Yönelik Kurallar Üzerine Bir Deneme,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 25, Sayı 2, 2019, ss. 1236-1252.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SCHABAS OC MRİA, William A. (ed.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The Travaux Préparatoires, Vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • SHANY, Yuval. “Can Strasbourg be replicated in a global level? A View from Geneva,” The European Court of Human Rights: Current Challenges from a Historical Perspective, ed. Helmut Philipp Aust & Esra Demir-Gürsel, Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, ss. 71- 88.
  • WEBBER, Grégoire C. N. The Negotiable Constitution: On the Limitation of Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esra Demir-gürsel This is me 0000-0002-5063-535X

Publication Date December 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir-gürsel E. (2021). Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 3-51.
AMA Demir-gürsel E. Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları. ZtdR. December 2021;3(2):3-51.
Chicago Demir-gürsel Esra. “Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi Ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri Ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3, no. 2 (December 2021): 3-51.
EndNote Demir-gürsel E (December 1, 2021) Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3 2 3–51.
IEEE Demir-gürsel E., “Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları”, ZtdR, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 3–51, 2021.
ISNAD Demir-gürsel Esra. “Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi Ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri Ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3/2 (December 2021), 3-51.
JAMA Demir-gürsel E. Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları. ZtdR. 2021;3:3–51.
MLA Demir-gürsel Esra. “Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi Ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri Ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları”. Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 3-51.
Vancouver Demir-gürsel E. Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirisi’nin 29. Maddesi ve Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Belgelerdeki İzleri: Bireyin Ödevleri ve İnsan Haklarının Sınırları. ZtdR. 2021;3(2):3-51.