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Leadership That Creates Meaning: The Importance Of The Leader In Workplace Spirituality

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 28.04.2025

Abstract

To integrate people's efforts toward a common goal, leadership characteristics need to be customized. Spiritual leadership is one of these types of leadership that arises in response to organizational needs for both leaders and followers. Although there has been considerable research on spiritual leadership in many countries, it is believed to be a relatively under-explored topic in our country. The aim of this study is to examine the need for meaning-making in the workplace and the significance of the leader in fostering workplace spirituality. The study uses the integrative review method. This leadership approach is considered important as it emphasizes the need for leaders to adopt a values-based leadership style and also encourages the development of skills such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management, and ethical leadership. Additionally, based on the review of existing literature, the study provides recommendations for spiritual leaders to apply in their practice.

References

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  • Arshad, F. & Saleem, H. (2024). Examining the Impact of Spiritual leadership on Employee’s intrapreneurial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Mediating Role of Psychological Safety, Journal of Workplace Behavior, 5(1), 49-64.
  • Ashmos, D. & Duchon, D.(2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
  • Atak, M. (Ed.) (2016). Maneviyat Psikolojisi. İstanbul: Kültür Elit Kitaplar.
  • Baloğlu, N. & Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Üzerine Teorik Bir Çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 58(15), 165-190.
  • Bass, B. & Avolio, B. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
  • Bayighomog, S. W. & Arasli, H. (2022). Reviving Employees’ Essence Of Hospitality Through Spiritual Wellbeing, Spiritual Leadership and Emotional Intelligence. Tourism Management, 89, 104406.
  • Benefiel, M. (2005). The Second Half of the Journey: Spiritual Leadership for Organizational Transformation. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723-747.
  • Blackaby, H.T. & Blackaby, R. (2001). Spiritual Leadership (Moving People on to God’s Agenda). BveH Books Publishing, Brentwood.
  • Chen, C.-Y., & Yang, C.-F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 107-114.
  • Chen, C.-Y., Yang, C.-F., & Li, C.-I. (2012). Spiritual leadership, follower mediators, and organizational outcomes: Evidence from three industries across two major Chinese societies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(4), 890-938.
  • Cardona, P. (2000). Liderazgo Relacional. IESE Business School.
  • Crossman, J. (2011). Environmental and Spiritual Leadership: Tracing the Synergies from an Organizational Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 553-565.
  • Cui, Z., Ji, X., Liu, P. & Li, R.(2023). How spiritual leadership leads to employee followership behavior: The role of relational identification and spiritual intelligence. Current Psychology, 43(6), 1-13.
  • Dent, E.B., Higgins, M.E. & Wharff, M.D. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 625-653.
  • Duchon, D. & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
  • Düzgüner, S. (2013). Maneviyat algısı ve diğerkâmlıkla ilişkisi: Kan bağışı örneğinde Türkiye ve Amerika karşılaştırmalı nitel bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
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  • Ertürk, A. (2016). Hizmetkar Liderlik, Ruhsal Liderlik ve Kuantun Liderlik. Eğitim Yönetiminde Liderlik: Teori, Araştırma ve Uygulama (Ed. N. Güçlü), 133-168, Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Ertürk, A. & Dönmez, E. (2017). Ruhsal Liderlik ve Eğitimdeki Yansımaları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 11-19.
  • Fairholm, G. (1996). Spiritual leadership: Fulfilling whole-self needs at work. Leadership ve Organization Development Journal, 17(5), 11-36.
  • Fairholm, G. (1998). Perspectives on Leadership: From the Science of Management to its Heart. Greenwood Publishing, Westport - CT.
  • Fairholm, G. (1997). Capturing the Heart of Leadership. Praeger Publisher, Westport - Conn.
  • Fernando, M. (2007). Spiritual Leadership in the Entrepreneurial Business: A Multifaith Study. Edward Elgar Publisher: Cheltenham
  • Fleming, J.J. & Courtenay, C. B. (2006). The role of spirituality in the practice of adult education leaders. In AERC Conference Proceedings. (2024, 15 Ocak). https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2481vecontext=aerc adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
  • Fry, L.W. (2005). Introduction to the Leadership Quarterly Special Issue: Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 619-622.
  • Fry, L.W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State of the art and future for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman ve L. Tishman (Ed.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice, and future directions. Palgrave Publisher, New York US, 106- 124.
  • Fry, L.W. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a model for student inner development. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3),79-82.
  • Fry, L.W. & Matherly, L.L. (2006). Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia. (2024, 2 Şubat). https://www.iispiritualleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/SLTOrgPerfAOM2006.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, L. W., Egel, E., & Nisiewicz, M. S. (2016). What is spiritual leadership? International Institute for Spiritual Leadership. (2024, 11 Ocak). http://iispiritualleadership.com adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, W. L., Nisieiwcz, M., & Vitucci, S. (2007a). Transforming local police departments through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. (2024, 2 Ocak). http://iispiritualleadership.com adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, W.L., Nisieiwcz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007b). Transforming city government through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. The National Meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia.
  • Fry, W.L., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
  • Fullan, M. (2001). Leading in a Culture of Change: Being Effective in Complex Timed, Jossey-Bass Pubisher: San Farancisco.
  • Gangadharan, A. (2014). Can I smile with spirit? Towards a process model associating workplace spirituality and emotional labor. (Doctoral dissertation, Texas University, Austin) http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641126039?accountid=15958 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Garcia-Zamor, J.C. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 6(3), 355-363.
  • Giacalone, R.A. & Jurkiewicz, L.C. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R.A. Giacalone ve L.C. Jurkiewicz (Ed.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (1-24). M.E. Sharpe Publisher, New York (US).
  • Giacalone, R.A. & Jurkiewicz, L.C. (2004). A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 129-142.
  • Gündüz, Ş. (2014). Ruhsal liderlik ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki: Duygusal zekânın aracı etkisi (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
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  • Hill, C.P., Jurkiewicz, C.L., Giacalone, R. A., & Fry, W. L. (2013). From concept to science: Continuing steps in workplace spirituality research. In R. F. Paloutzian ve C. L. Park (Ed.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (617-631). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hunsaker, W. D. (2016). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Relationship with Confucian values. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 13(3), 206-225.
  • Hunsaker, W.D. & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The role of employees flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations, 44(6), 1355-1371.
  • Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 1357-1405.
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ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 28.04.2025

Abstract

İnsanların çabalarını ortak bir amaç doğrultusunda bütünleştirmek ve bunun sürekliliğini sağlamak için liderlik özelliklerinin özelleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Hem lidere hem de takipçilere yönelik örgütsel ihtiyaçlar kapsamında ortaya çıkan ruhsal liderlik bu liderlik türlerinden biridir. Ruhsal liderlik üzerine pek çok ülkede yapılmış araştırma ve yazılmış makaleler olsa da, ülkemizde çok fazla incelenen bir konu olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş yerinde anlam yaratma ihtiyacını ve iş yeri ruhsallığının sağlanmasında liderin önemini incelemektir. Çalışmada literatür değerlendirme yöntemlerinden biri olan bütünleştirici değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu liderlik yaklaşımının, liderlerin değerlerine dayalı bir liderlik tarzı benimsemelerini vurgulaması ve ayrıca liderlerin öz farkındalığı, öz-yönetim, sosyal farkındalık, ilişki yönetimi ve etik liderlik gibi becerileri geliştirmelerini teşvik etmesi bakımından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca literatürde yer alan çalışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda elde edilen veriler ışığında ruhsal liderlere uygulayabilecekleri birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Abdizadeh, M. & Khiabani, Mohsen Malekalketab (2014). Implementing the Spiritual Leadership Model in the Healthcare. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 92-101.
  • Afsar, B., Badir, Y. & Kiani, Umar, S. (2016). Linking Spiritual Leadership and Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Influence of Workplace Spirituality, Intrinsic Motivation, and Environmental Passion. Journal of Environmental Pschology, 45, 79-88.
  • Arshad, F. & Saleem, H. (2024). Examining the Impact of Spiritual leadership on Employee’s intrapreneurial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Mediating Role of Psychological Safety, Journal of Workplace Behavior, 5(1), 49-64.
  • Ashmos, D. & Duchon, D.(2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
  • Atak, M. (Ed.) (2016). Maneviyat Psikolojisi. İstanbul: Kültür Elit Kitaplar.
  • Baloğlu, N. & Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Üzerine Teorik Bir Çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 58(15), 165-190.
  • Bass, B. & Avolio, B. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
  • Bayighomog, S. W. & Arasli, H. (2022). Reviving Employees’ Essence Of Hospitality Through Spiritual Wellbeing, Spiritual Leadership and Emotional Intelligence. Tourism Management, 89, 104406.
  • Benefiel, M. (2005). The Second Half of the Journey: Spiritual Leadership for Organizational Transformation. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723-747.
  • Blackaby, H.T. & Blackaby, R. (2001). Spiritual Leadership (Moving People on to God’s Agenda). BveH Books Publishing, Brentwood.
  • Chen, C.-Y., & Yang, C.-F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 107-114.
  • Chen, C.-Y., Yang, C.-F., & Li, C.-I. (2012). Spiritual leadership, follower mediators, and organizational outcomes: Evidence from three industries across two major Chinese societies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(4), 890-938.
  • Cardona, P. (2000). Liderazgo Relacional. IESE Business School.
  • Crossman, J. (2011). Environmental and Spiritual Leadership: Tracing the Synergies from an Organizational Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 553-565.
  • Cui, Z., Ji, X., Liu, P. & Li, R.(2023). How spiritual leadership leads to employee followership behavior: The role of relational identification and spiritual intelligence. Current Psychology, 43(6), 1-13.
  • Dent, E.B., Higgins, M.E. & Wharff, M.D. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 625-653.
  • Duchon, D. & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
  • Düzgüner, S. (2013). Maneviyat algısı ve diğerkâmlıkla ilişkisi: Kan bağışı örneğinde Türkiye ve Amerika karşılaştırmalı nitel bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • East, T.J. (2005). A grounded study on how spirituality in the workplace impacts a person's job satisfaction, (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minnesota). https://search.proquest.com/docview/305364697?accountid=15958 adresinden alınmıştr.
  • Ertürk, A. (2016). Hizmetkar Liderlik, Ruhsal Liderlik ve Kuantun Liderlik. Eğitim Yönetiminde Liderlik: Teori, Araştırma ve Uygulama (Ed. N. Güçlü), 133-168, Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Ertürk, A. & Dönmez, E. (2017). Ruhsal Liderlik ve Eğitimdeki Yansımaları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 11-19.
  • Fairholm, G. (1996). Spiritual leadership: Fulfilling whole-self needs at work. Leadership ve Organization Development Journal, 17(5), 11-36.
  • Fairholm, G. (1998). Perspectives on Leadership: From the Science of Management to its Heart. Greenwood Publishing, Westport - CT.
  • Fairholm, G. (1997). Capturing the Heart of Leadership. Praeger Publisher, Westport - Conn.
  • Fernando, M. (2007). Spiritual Leadership in the Entrepreneurial Business: A Multifaith Study. Edward Elgar Publisher: Cheltenham
  • Fleming, J.J. & Courtenay, C. B. (2006). The role of spirituality in the practice of adult education leaders. In AERC Conference Proceedings. (2024, 15 Ocak). https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2481vecontext=aerc adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
  • Fry, L.W. (2005). Introduction to the Leadership Quarterly Special Issue: Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 619-622.
  • Fry, L.W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State of the art and future for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman ve L. Tishman (Ed.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice, and future directions. Palgrave Publisher, New York US, 106- 124.
  • Fry, L.W. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a model for student inner development. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3),79-82.
  • Fry, L.W. & Matherly, L.L. (2006). Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia. (2024, 2 Şubat). https://www.iispiritualleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/SLTOrgPerfAOM2006.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, L. W., Egel, E., & Nisiewicz, M. S. (2016). What is spiritual leadership? International Institute for Spiritual Leadership. (2024, 11 Ocak). http://iispiritualleadership.com adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, W. L., Nisieiwcz, M., & Vitucci, S. (2007a). Transforming local police departments through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. (2024, 2 Ocak). http://iispiritualleadership.com adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Fry, W.L., Nisieiwcz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007b). Transforming city government through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. The National Meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia.
  • Fry, W.L., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
  • Fullan, M. (2001). Leading in a Culture of Change: Being Effective in Complex Timed, Jossey-Bass Pubisher: San Farancisco.
  • Gangadharan, A. (2014). Can I smile with spirit? Towards a process model associating workplace spirituality and emotional labor. (Doctoral dissertation, Texas University, Austin) http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641126039?accountid=15958 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Garcia-Zamor, J.C. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 6(3), 355-363.
  • Giacalone, R.A. & Jurkiewicz, L.C. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R.A. Giacalone ve L.C. Jurkiewicz (Ed.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (1-24). M.E. Sharpe Publisher, New York (US).
  • Giacalone, R.A. & Jurkiewicz, L.C. (2004). A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 129-142.
  • Gündüz, Ş. (2014). Ruhsal liderlik ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki: Duygusal zekânın aracı etkisi (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Halper, J. (1988). Quiet desperation: The truth about successful men. New York: Warner Books.
  • Hill, C.P., Jurkiewicz, C.L., Giacalone, R. A., & Fry, W. L. (2013). From concept to science: Continuing steps in workplace spirituality research. In R. F. Paloutzian ve C. L. Park (Ed.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (617-631). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hunsaker, W. D. (2016). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Relationship with Confucian values. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 13(3), 206-225.
  • Hunsaker, W.D. & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The role of employees flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations, 44(6), 1355-1371.
  • Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal liderlik ve örgüt kültürü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 1357-1405.
  • Karakaş, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
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  • Kim Quy, H.T., Tran, M.D. & Dinh, T.M. (2023). How transformational leadership, workplace spirituality and resilience enhance the service recovery performance of FLEs: A theoretical integration of COR theory and SDT. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 10(4), 644-662.
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There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Human Resources Management, Business Administration, Leadership, Organisation and Management Theory
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Gamze Özcan 0000-0001-7005-4758

Publication Date April 28, 2025
Submission Date August 31, 2024
Acceptance Date December 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özcan, G. (2025). ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-25.
AMA Özcan G. ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ. Tarsus University Faculty of Applied Sciences Journal. April 2025;5(1):1-25.
Chicago Özcan, Gamze. “ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 1 (April 2025): 1-25.
EndNote Özcan G (April 1, 2025) ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5 1 1–25.
IEEE G. Özcan, “ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ”, Tarsus University Faculty of Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–25, 2025.
ISNAD Özcan, Gamze. “ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (April2025), 1-25.
JAMA Özcan G. ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ. Tarsus University Faculty of Applied Sciences Journal. 2025;5:1–25.
MLA Özcan, Gamze. “ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ”. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-25.
Vancouver Özcan G. ANLAM YARATAN LİDERLİK: İŞ YERİ RUHSALLIĞINDA LİDERİN ÖNEMİ. Tarsus University Faculty of Applied Sciences Journal. 2025;5(1):1-25.