TARIM, SANAYİ VE HİZMET SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ BÜYÜMENİN KARBON SALINIMINA ETKİSİ: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 163 - 179, 28.10.2025

Zehra Abdioğlu , Sinan Yıldırım

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde 1990-2020 dönemine ilişkin tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler sektöründe yaratılan katma değerin karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini Çevresel Kuznets Hipotezi çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişki ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi ile belirlenmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji ile nüfus yoğunluğu kontrol değişkeni olarak analizlere eklenmiştir. Sınır testi bulguları, tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörlerinde uzun dönem ilişkisini kanıtlamıştır. Ancak, tarım ve sanayi sektörlerinde ters-U ilişkisi doğrulanmamıştır. Hizmetler sektöründe ise sektörel büyüme arttıkça karbon salınımının belirli bir noktaya kadar arttığı, sonrasında ise azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin karbon salınımını azalttığı, nüfus yoğunluğunun ise karbon salınımını artırdığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma AB ülkelerinde karbon emisyonları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörleri özelinde detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek literatüre katkı sunmaktadır. Çeşitli sektörlerin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca sektörlerin çevresel etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik stratejiler üzerinde durarak yenilikçi yaklaşımların ve politikaların geliştirilmesine ışık tutmaktadır.

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets Hipotezi , Sektörel Analiz , Eş-bütünleşme

The Impact of Growth in the Agriculture, Industry, and Services Sectors on Carbon Emissions: The Case of the European Union

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of value added in the agriculture, industry, and services sectors on carbon emissions in European Union countries from 1990 to 2020, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis. In this study, the long-run relationship among the variables is analyzed using the ARDL bounds testing approach, and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test is employed to determine causal relationships among them. Additionally, renewable energy consumption and population density are included as control variables in the analysis. The results of the bounds test confirm the existence of a long-run relationship in the agriculture, industry, and services sectors. However, the inverted U-shaped relationship is not supported in the agriculture and industry sectors. In the services sector, it is observed that as sectoral growth increases, carbon emissions rise to a certain point and then begin to decline. Moreover, renewable energy consumption appears to reduce carbon emissions, whereas population density increases them. This study makes a contribution to the literature by examining the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in EU countries, with a detailed focus on the agriculture, industry, and services sectors. It emphasizes the role of these sectors in environmental sustainability. Additionally, the study informs the development of innovative approaches and policies by highlighting strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of sectors.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis , Sectoral Analysis , Co-integration

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