Characterization of biochars derived from slow pyrolysis of agricultural originated wastes

Öz

The concept of biochar was developed to contribute to modern sustainable waste utilization and soil resources management. The quality of the biochar is determined by the properties and composition of the raw feedstock material. The aim of this study is to produce biochar from tea waste, wheat straw, hazelnut husk and paddy husk and to determine the properties of the produced biochars. Biochars were obtained as a result of pyrolysis of organic wastes at 450°C for 2 hours. For each biochar, yield, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium), nitrogen, phosphorus, ash content, total carbon, C:N ratio, alkalinity, water holding capacity and microelement (iron, copper, manganese and zinc) contents were determined. Results revealed that, considerable variation of characteristics among type of biochars is a function of feedstock types. It was determined that the nutrient retention capacity and alkalinity of hazelnut husk biochar are higher than the others. Wheat straw biochar had the highest water retention capacity, tea waste biochar had the lowest C:N ratio, while rice husk biochar had the highest ash content. It has been concluded that all biochar types have the potential to be used as plant nutrient sources as well as conditioners to improve soil quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organic waste
• biochar
• physical
• chemical
• properties

Tarımsal kökenli atıkların yavaş pirolizinden elde edilen biyoçarların karakterizasyonu

Öz

Biyoçar kavramı, modern anlamda sürdürülebilir atık kullanımı ve toprak kaynakları yönetimine katkı sağlamak amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Biyoçarın kalitesi elde edildiği hammaddenin özellikleri ve bileşimi tarafından belirlenir. Bu çalışmanın amacı çay atığı, buğday samanı, fındık zurufu ve çeltik kavuzu atıklarından biyoçar üretmek ve üretilen biyoçarların özelliklerini belirlemektir. Organik atıkların 450°C'de 2 saat süreyle pirolizi sonucunda biyoçarlar elde edilmiştir. Biyoçarlara ait verim, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, katyon değişim kapasitesi, değişebilir katyonlar (kalsiyum, magnezyum, potasyum ve sodyum), azot, fosfor, kül içeriği, toplam karbon, C:N oranı, alkalinite, su tutma kapasitesi ve mikro element (demir, bakır, manganez ve çinko) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Biyoçar türleri arasındaki önemli karakteristik farklılıkların elde edildikleri hammadde türlerinin bir fonksiyonu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Fındık zurufu (FZB) biyoçarının besin tutma kapasitesi ve alkalinitesinin diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buğday samanı biyoçarının (BSB) en yüksek su tutma kapasitesine, çay atığı (ÇAB) biyoçarının en düşük C:N oranına, çeltik kavuzu (ÇKB) biyoçarının ise en yüksek kül içeriğine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinin, bitki besin kaynağı olmalarının yanı sıra toprak kalitesini iyileştirici düzenleyiciler olarak kullanılma potansiyellerine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik atık
• biyoçar
• fiziksel
• kimyasal
• özellik

Kaynakça

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