Endophytic fungi in vineyards in Gaziantep Province, Turkey and their antagonistic associations with fungal trunk pathogens

Öz

In recent years, grapevine trunk diseases are frequently encountered in the vineyards of the world, including Turkey. The aims of this study were to identify grapevine fungal trunk pathogens in vineyards in Gaziantep Province, Turkey, and to investigate antagonistic relationships of fungal endophytes with the fungal trunk pathogens. The survey study was conducted in 51 vineyards located in Şahinbey, Nurdağı and Islahiye districts in September 2020 and the disease prevalence and incidence were determined. Antagonistic associations between endophytic and pathogenic species were investigated with a dual culture test in PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Local drying, dieback and apoplexy symptoms were observed in all the vineyards inspected and the mean disease frequency in individual vines in the study area was calculated as 1.2%. Identification studies and pathogenicity tests indicated that the vineyards were infected with species of the genera, Biscogniauxia, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Diatrype, Diplodia, Eutypa, Kalmusia, Neoscytalidium, Phaeoacremonium, and Seimatosporium, which are known to be associated with grapevine trunk diseases. Penicillium fructuariae-cellae was found to be antagonistic, with an average 9.04 mm diameter inhibition zone, to most of the grapevine trunk pathogens in the dual culture tests. These results suggest that more attention should be paid to endophytic Penicillia species as novel fungal biological control agents for the management of grapevine trunk diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antagonism
• Botryosphaeria
• Diatrype
• endophyte
• grapevine trunk diseases
• Seimatosporium
• Kalmusia
• Penicillium fructuariae-cellae

Gaziantep bağ alanlarındaki endofitik funguslar ve bunların fungal gövde patojenleriyle antagonistik ilişkileri

Öz

Son yıllarda Türkiye ve dünya bağlarında, asma gövde hastalıklarıyla sıkça karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları, Gaziantep bağlarında fungal gövde patojenlerini saptamak ve fungal endofitlerin asma fungal gövde patojenleriyle antagonistik ilişkilerini araştırmaktır. Sörvey çalışması İslahiye, Nurdağı ve Şahinbey ilçelerinde bulunan 51 bağda, Eylül 2020’de yürütülmüş, hastalık çıkışı ve yaygınlığı ortaya konmuştur. Patojenik ve endofitik türler arasındaki antagonistik ilişkiler PDA (patates dekstroz agar) besi yerinde ikili kültür testiyle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, incelenen tüm bağlarda lokal kuruma, geriye doğru ölüm ve apopleksi belirtilerine rastlanmış, bölgedeki ortalama hastalık sıklığı %1.2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tanı çalışmaları ve patojenisite testleri bölgedeki bağların asma gövde hastalıklarıyla ilişkili Biscogniauxia, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Diatrype, Diplodia, Eutypa, Neoscytalidium, Phaeoacremonium, Seimatosporium ve Kalmusia türleri ile enfekteli olduğunu göstermiştir. İkili kültür testlerinde, Penicillium fructuariae-cellae’nın ortalama 9.04 mm’lik inhibisyon zonuyla çoğu asma gövde patojenlerine antagonistik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, asma gövde hastalıklarının mücadelesinde yeni fungal biyokontrol etmenlerini geliştirmek için endofitik Penicillium’lara daha fazla dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Botryosphaeria
• Diatrype
• Seimatosporium
• Kalmusia
• Penicillium fructuariae-cellae
• Antigonizm
• Asma gövde hastalıkları

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