The effect of different hunger periods on the cannibalistic behavior of the predatory ladybird Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Öz

Cannibalism is a key factors that negatively impacts the economic mass rearing of beneficial insects. Understanding the cannibalistic behavior of beneficial insects is crucial in framework of biological pest control. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different starvation periods on the cannibalistic behavior of the predatory beetle Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions, in order to improve its mass rearing efficiency. For this purpose, experiments with 10 replications were established to observe the cannibalistic behavior of adult O. conglobata subjected to starvation for 12, 24, and 36 hours, using conspecific eggs and larvae as potential prey. The average number of eggs consumed after 24 hours was 20.8, 32.5, and 40.9 for the 12, 24, and 36-hour starvation groups, respectively. In contrast, the corresponding values in the control group in which supplemental food was provided, were significantly lower: 2.3, 2.9, and 3.3, respectively. Egg cannibalism rate in starved groups were approximately 9-fold, 11-fold, and 12-fold higher than in their respective controls. Similarly, the average number of larvae consumed was 7.8, 8.5, and 9.2, across the increasing starvation durations while in the control group, these values were 1.5, 2.6, and 3.2, respectively. Larval cannibalism rates were approximately 5-fold, 3-fold, and 2-fold higher in the starved groups compared to controls. Additionally, adults consumed more eggs than larvae on a daily average basis. The results clearly demonstrate that starvation significantly increases cannibalistic behavior in adult O. conglobata, with longer starvation periods leading to higher consumption rates of both eggs and larvae. In conclusion, to reduce the adverse effects of cannibalism during mass rearing under insectarium conditions, adequate food must be supplied. Furthermore, rearing protocols should, where feasible, include the isolation of developmental stages most prone to cannibalism to enhance production efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oenopia conglobata
• Biological control
• Mass rearing
• Cannibalism
• Ephestia kuehniella

Farklı aç kalma sürelerinin avcı böcek Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)’nin kanibalistik davranışlarına etkisi

Öz

Kanibalizm faydalı böceklerin kitle halinde ekonomik olarak yetiştirilebilmesini olumsuz etkileyen faktörlerden birisidir. Bu nedenle faydalı böceklerin kanibalistik davranışlarının bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, predatör Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)’nın laboratuvar koşullarında verimli şekilde üretilebilmesi için farklı aç kalma sürelerinin kanibalistik davranışlarına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 12, 24 ve 36 saat aç bırakılan O. conglobata erginlerinin yumurta ve larva üzerinde kanibalistik davranışlarının belirlenmesi için 10 tekerrürlü denemeler kurulmuştur. Farklı sürelerde (12, 24, 36 saat) aç bırakılmış O. conglobata erginlerinin 24 saatin sonunda sırasıyla ortalama 20.8, 32.5 ve 40.9 adet, ek besin verilen kontrol grubunda ise sırasıyla ortalama 2.3, 2.9 ve 3.3 adet yumurta tükettiği ve sırasıyla 9, 11 ve 12 kat kanibalistik davranış sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Aynı sürelerde aç bırakılmış O. conglobata erginlerinin açlık sürelerine göre sırasıyla ortalama 7.8, 8.5 ve 9.2 adet, kontrol grubunda ise sırasıyla ortalama 1.5, 2.6 ve 3.2 adet larva tükettiği ve buna göre Kanibalizm oranının ise sırasıyla 5, 3 ve 2 kat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erginlerin günlük tükettikleri ortalama yumurta sayısı larva sayısına oranla daha yüksek olmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, açlığın O. conglobata ergin bireylerinde yamyamlık davranışını anlamlı düzeyde artırdığını ve açlık süresi uzadıkça tüketilen yumurta ve larva sayısının da arttığını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak O. conglobata’nın insektaryum koşullarında kitlesel üretimi yapılırken tüketeceklerinden fazla miktarda besin verilerek aç kalmalarının önüne geçilmelidir. Hatta mümkünse kanibalizmin en fazla görüldüğü dönemler izole edilerek yetiştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oenopia conglobata
• Biyolojik mücadele
• Kitle Üretim
• Kanibalizm
• Ephestia kuehniella

Kaynakça

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