Research Article
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Year 2024, , 62 - 69, 02.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.33435/tcandtc.1400422

Abstract

References

  • [1] Domeyer P-RJ, Sergentanis TN, New Insights into the Screening, Prompt Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. Journal of Oncology. 2020, ID 8597892.
  • [2] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin., 2021, (71)3:209-249. Available from
  • [3] World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Breast Cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer .
  • [4] Esma Eryilmaz Dogan. Computational binding analysis and toxicity evaluation of estrogen receptor with estradiol and the approved SERMs raloxifene, tamoxifen, and toremifene, Medicine Science, 2021, (10)1,157-61.
  • [5] Dominguez R and Micevych P. Estradiol rapidly regulates membrane estrogen receptor α levels in hypothalamic neurons. J Neurosci. 2010, 30(38):12589-96.
  • [6] Qin T, Yuan Z Y, Peng RJ, Zeng YD, Shi YX, Teng XY, Liu DG, Bai B, Wang SS. Efficacy and tolerability of toremifene and tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. Curr Oncol., 2013, 20(4):196–204.
  • [7] Winters S, Martin C, Murphy D, Shokar NK. Breast cancer epidemiology, prevention, and screening. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2017, 151, 1-32.
  • [8] Ma ZH, Yu DG, Branford-White CJ. Microencapsulation of Tamoxifen: Application to cotton fabric. Colloids Surf B, 2009, 69(1),85-90.
  • [9] Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C. Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells are resistant to DNA-damaging chemotherapy because of upregulated BARD1 and BRCA1. Nat Commun, 2018, 1595(9), 1-11.
  • [10] Tang ZR, Zhang R, Lian ZX, Deng SL, Yu, K. Estrogen-receptor expression and function in female reproductive disease. Cells 2019, 8 (10), 1123.
  • [11] Kauffman RP, Young C, Castracane VD. Perils of prolonged ovarian suppression and hypoestrogenism in the treatment of breast cancer: Is the risk of treatment worse than the risk of recurrence? Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2021, 5(525), 111181.
  • [12] Kyvernitakis I, Kostev K, Hadji P. The tamoxifen paradox—influence of adjuvant tamoxifen on fracture risk in pre-and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Osteoporos. Int. 2018, 29(11), 2557–2564.
  • [13] Lakshmi S, Shanitha A, Shiny Dv, Rahul Bs, Saikant R, Shehna Sharaf, Abi Sa, Rajmohan G. Comparative differential cytotoxicity of clinically used SERMs in human cancer lines of different origin and its predictive molecular docking studies of key target genes involved in cancer progression and treatment responses, Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery 2021, 31(3),100080.
  • [14] Marttunen MB, Cacciatore B, Hietanen P, Pyrhönen S, Tiitinen A, Wahlstrom T, Ylikorkala O. Prospective study on gynecological effects of two antioestrogens tamoxifen and toremifene in postmenopausal women, British Journal of Cancer 2001, 84(7), 897-902.
  • [15] Jaime Lewis D, Anees Chagpar B, Elizabeth Shaughnessy A, Jacob N, Kelly M, Michael EJ. Excellent Outcomes With Adjuvant Toremifene or Tamoxifen in Early Stage Breast Cancer, Cancer, 2010, 116 (10), 2307-15.
  • [16] Qin T, Yuan ZY, Peng RJ, Zeng YD, Shi YX, Teng XY, Liu DG, Bai B, Wang SS. Efficacy and tolerability of toremifene and tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer: a retrospective analysis, Curr Oncol, 2013, 20(4): 196-204.
  • [17] Zhu L, Li X, Yu S, Ren Yu. Clinical Progress of Toremifene and Tamoxifen in Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer, Int J Surg Res Pract, 2017, 4(3):058.
  • [18] Tao He, Wenhao Y, Xinyi Z, Ping L, Dandan Y, Yunhao W, Yuan F, Mengya X, Qianqian H, Jing C, Runke Z, Qing L, Jie C, Comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen, toremifene, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane on lipid profiles in breast cancer patients, Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jan; 99(2): e18550.
  • [19] Goetz MP, Sangkuhl K, Guchelaar H-J. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 and tamoxifen therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018, 103(5): 770-777.
  • [20] Weihang Z, Yiwei J, Yaqian X, Yaohui W, Xiaowei M, Liheng Z, Yanping L, Yan W, Ziping W, Min L, Wenjin Y, Jinsong L. Comparison of adverse drug reactions between tamoxifen and toremifene in breast cancer patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes: A propensity-score matched cohort study, Int. J. Cancer. 2022, 150(10),1664-1676.
  • [21] Jin H, Jiahui H, Lili S, Siji Z, Weiqi G, Jiayi W, Ou H, Jianrong H, Li Zhu, Weiguo C, Yafen L, Xiaosong C, Kunwei S. A prospective, randomized study of Toremifene vs. tamoxifen for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: safety and genital symptom analysis, BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1):663
  • [22] Hirsimaki P, Aaltonen A, Mantyla E. Toxicity of antiestrogens. Breast J, 2002, 8(2):92–96 Mar-Apr.
  • [23] Harvey HA, Kimura M, Hajba A. Toremifene: an evaluation of its safety profile. Breast, 2006, 15(2):142–157.
  • [24] Pan HJ, Chang HT, Lee CH. Association between tamoxifen treatment and the development of different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among breast cancer patients. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 2016, 115(6):411–7.
  • [25] Lin Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Li L, Hu R, Liu J, Deng Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Sun S, Ma R, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Y, He P, Li E, Xu Z, Wu Y, Tong Z, Wang X, Huang T, Liang Z, Wang S, Su F, Lu Y, Zhang H, Feng G, Wang S. A prospective, randomized study on hepatotoxicity of anastrozole compared with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. Cancer Sci. 2014, 105(9):1182–8.
  • [26] Dandan S, Yingying H, Biyu D, Rongrong M, Baodan Z, Yangjun C, Hanqian Z, Yuru Z, Xiaoqu H. Effects of Tamoxifen vs. Toremifene on fatty liver development and lipid profiles in breast Cancer, BMC Cancer 2021, (21),798.
  • [27] Tao H, Wenhao Y, Xinyi Z, Ping L, Dandan Y, Yunhao W, Yuan F, Mengya X, Qianqian H, Jing C, Runke Z, Qing L, Jie C. Comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen, toremifene, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane on lipid profiles in breast cancer patients, Medicine 2020, 99(2):e18550.
  • [28] Filippatos T, Liberopoulos E, Pavlidis N, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis D. Effects of hormonal treatment on lipids in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009, 35(2):175–84.
  • [29] Sawaki M, Idota A, Uchida H, Noda S, Sato S, Kikumori T, Imai T. The effect of toremifene on lipid metabolism compared with that of tamoxifen in vitro. Gynecol Obstet Investig. 2011, 71(3):213–6.
  • [30] Janeea Myles D, Sophia Allison A, Rianne Villanueva C, Alexis Labrador M, Myla Santiago R. Molecular Docking and in silico Pharmacological Screening of Oleosin from Cocos Nucifera Complexed with Tamoxifen in Developing Potential Breast Chemotherapeutic Leads, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022, 23 (7), 2421-2430.
  • [31] Ammar A Ibrahim. A Theoretical Study of the Docking of Medicines with some Proteins, Baghdad Science Journal, 2023, 20(2): 384-394.
  • [32] Ammar A Ibrahim, Omer M Yahya, Maher A Ibrahim. Theoretical Prediction of Possible Drug Treatment of COVID-19 using Coumarins Containing Chloroquine Moeity, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 32(12), 3120-3126.
  • [33] Zhao Y, Ren J, Harlos K. Toremifene interacts with and destabilizes the Ebola virus glycoprotein. Nature 2016, 535 (7610), 169−172.
  • [34] Salmaso V, Moro S. Bridging molecular docking to molecular dynamics in exploring ligand-protein recognition process: An overview. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2018, (9), 923.
  • [35] Mohammad S T, Ali N A, Alireza A, Experimental, molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies of natural products targeting overexpressed receptors in breast cancer, PLOS ONE 2022, 17(5): e0267961.
  • [36] Dyall J, Coleman C M, Hart B J. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2014, 58 (8), 4885−4893.
  • [37] Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discovery 2020, 6 (1), 14.
  • [38] William R M, Feixiong C. Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV‑2, J. Proteome Res. 2020, 19(11), 4670−4677. Available from <URL>
  • [39] Ran G, Weijuan J, Yunjie Z, Nanyan R, Yue H, Shunrong L, Jiannan W, Liang J, Lijuan C, Meijun L, Kai C, Lili C, Qiaozhen X, Mei W, Erwei S, Fengxi S. A comparison of survival outcomes and side effects of toremifene or tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study, BMC Cancer 2012, (12),161.
  • [40] https://www.rcsb.org
  • [41] Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, Wolmark N. Five versus more than five years of Tamoxifen for lymph node-negative breast cancer: updated findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 randomized trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2001, 93(9), 684-90.
  • [42] Cai Q, Bensen M, Greene R, Kirchner J. Tamoxifen-induced transient multifocal hepatic fatty infiltration. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(1):277–279.
  • [43] Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, et al. Estrogen receptors-mediated apoptosis in hormone-dependent cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:1242.
  • [44] Maruthanila VL, Elancheran R, Kunnumakkara AB, Kabilan S, Kotoky J. Recent development of targeted approaches for the treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2017,(24):191–219.

Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene's Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors

Year 2024, , 62 - 69, 02.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.33435/tcandtc.1400422

Abstract

Both toremifene (TOR) and tamoxifen (TAM), selective estrogen receptor modulators, are equally effective therapies for breast cancer (BrCa). In high-risk women, anti-estrogenic tamoxifen is frequently used for both (BrCa) treatment and prevention. Another anti-estrogen that is successful in the treatment of (BrCa) is toremifene. Anti-estrogens have emerged as one of the most widely utilized medicine classes among women because (BrCa) is the most frequent malignancy in this population. Consequently, we performed a docking study to assess the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene therapy on the (BrCa) receptor. Tamoxifen and toremifene's interactions with the (BrCa) receptor were examined by a computational study of the ligand's binding. These receptors are named (1jnx), (1n5o), (1oqa), (1t2u), (1t29), (4igk), (4jlu), and (4y2g). All the docking has been done by software named Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) which was used to evaluate the binding docking and docking score between the ligand (TAM or TOR) with the (BrCa) receptors.

References

  • [1] Domeyer P-RJ, Sergentanis TN, New Insights into the Screening, Prompt Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. Journal of Oncology. 2020, ID 8597892.
  • [2] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin., 2021, (71)3:209-249. Available from
  • [3] World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Breast Cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer .
  • [4] Esma Eryilmaz Dogan. Computational binding analysis and toxicity evaluation of estrogen receptor with estradiol and the approved SERMs raloxifene, tamoxifen, and toremifene, Medicine Science, 2021, (10)1,157-61.
  • [5] Dominguez R and Micevych P. Estradiol rapidly regulates membrane estrogen receptor α levels in hypothalamic neurons. J Neurosci. 2010, 30(38):12589-96.
  • [6] Qin T, Yuan Z Y, Peng RJ, Zeng YD, Shi YX, Teng XY, Liu DG, Bai B, Wang SS. Efficacy and tolerability of toremifene and tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. Curr Oncol., 2013, 20(4):196–204.
  • [7] Winters S, Martin C, Murphy D, Shokar NK. Breast cancer epidemiology, prevention, and screening. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2017, 151, 1-32.
  • [8] Ma ZH, Yu DG, Branford-White CJ. Microencapsulation of Tamoxifen: Application to cotton fabric. Colloids Surf B, 2009, 69(1),85-90.
  • [9] Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C. Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells are resistant to DNA-damaging chemotherapy because of upregulated BARD1 and BRCA1. Nat Commun, 2018, 1595(9), 1-11.
  • [10] Tang ZR, Zhang R, Lian ZX, Deng SL, Yu, K. Estrogen-receptor expression and function in female reproductive disease. Cells 2019, 8 (10), 1123.
  • [11] Kauffman RP, Young C, Castracane VD. Perils of prolonged ovarian suppression and hypoestrogenism in the treatment of breast cancer: Is the risk of treatment worse than the risk of recurrence? Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2021, 5(525), 111181.
  • [12] Kyvernitakis I, Kostev K, Hadji P. The tamoxifen paradox—influence of adjuvant tamoxifen on fracture risk in pre-and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Osteoporos. Int. 2018, 29(11), 2557–2564.
  • [13] Lakshmi S, Shanitha A, Shiny Dv, Rahul Bs, Saikant R, Shehna Sharaf, Abi Sa, Rajmohan G. Comparative differential cytotoxicity of clinically used SERMs in human cancer lines of different origin and its predictive molecular docking studies of key target genes involved in cancer progression and treatment responses, Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery 2021, 31(3),100080.
  • [14] Marttunen MB, Cacciatore B, Hietanen P, Pyrhönen S, Tiitinen A, Wahlstrom T, Ylikorkala O. Prospective study on gynecological effects of two antioestrogens tamoxifen and toremifene in postmenopausal women, British Journal of Cancer 2001, 84(7), 897-902.
  • [15] Jaime Lewis D, Anees Chagpar B, Elizabeth Shaughnessy A, Jacob N, Kelly M, Michael EJ. Excellent Outcomes With Adjuvant Toremifene or Tamoxifen in Early Stage Breast Cancer, Cancer, 2010, 116 (10), 2307-15.
  • [16] Qin T, Yuan ZY, Peng RJ, Zeng YD, Shi YX, Teng XY, Liu DG, Bai B, Wang SS. Efficacy and tolerability of toremifene and tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with operable breast cancer: a retrospective analysis, Curr Oncol, 2013, 20(4): 196-204.
  • [17] Zhu L, Li X, Yu S, Ren Yu. Clinical Progress of Toremifene and Tamoxifen in Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer, Int J Surg Res Pract, 2017, 4(3):058.
  • [18] Tao He, Wenhao Y, Xinyi Z, Ping L, Dandan Y, Yunhao W, Yuan F, Mengya X, Qianqian H, Jing C, Runke Z, Qing L, Jie C, Comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen, toremifene, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane on lipid profiles in breast cancer patients, Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jan; 99(2): e18550.
  • [19] Goetz MP, Sangkuhl K, Guchelaar H-J. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 and tamoxifen therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018, 103(5): 770-777.
  • [20] Weihang Z, Yiwei J, Yaqian X, Yaohui W, Xiaowei M, Liheng Z, Yanping L, Yan W, Ziping W, Min L, Wenjin Y, Jinsong L. Comparison of adverse drug reactions between tamoxifen and toremifene in breast cancer patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes: A propensity-score matched cohort study, Int. J. Cancer. 2022, 150(10),1664-1676.
  • [21] Jin H, Jiahui H, Lili S, Siji Z, Weiqi G, Jiayi W, Ou H, Jianrong H, Li Zhu, Weiguo C, Yafen L, Xiaosong C, Kunwei S. A prospective, randomized study of Toremifene vs. tamoxifen for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: safety and genital symptom analysis, BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1):663
  • [22] Hirsimaki P, Aaltonen A, Mantyla E. Toxicity of antiestrogens. Breast J, 2002, 8(2):92–96 Mar-Apr.
  • [23] Harvey HA, Kimura M, Hajba A. Toremifene: an evaluation of its safety profile. Breast, 2006, 15(2):142–157.
  • [24] Pan HJ, Chang HT, Lee CH. Association between tamoxifen treatment and the development of different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among breast cancer patients. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 2016, 115(6):411–7.
  • [25] Lin Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Li L, Hu R, Liu J, Deng Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Sun S, Ma R, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Y, He P, Li E, Xu Z, Wu Y, Tong Z, Wang X, Huang T, Liang Z, Wang S, Su F, Lu Y, Zhang H, Feng G, Wang S. A prospective, randomized study on hepatotoxicity of anastrozole compared with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. Cancer Sci. 2014, 105(9):1182–8.
  • [26] Dandan S, Yingying H, Biyu D, Rongrong M, Baodan Z, Yangjun C, Hanqian Z, Yuru Z, Xiaoqu H. Effects of Tamoxifen vs. Toremifene on fatty liver development and lipid profiles in breast Cancer, BMC Cancer 2021, (21),798.
  • [27] Tao H, Wenhao Y, Xinyi Z, Ping L, Dandan Y, Yunhao W, Yuan F, Mengya X, Qianqian H, Jing C, Runke Z, Qing L, Jie C. Comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen, toremifene, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane on lipid profiles in breast cancer patients, Medicine 2020, 99(2):e18550.
  • [28] Filippatos T, Liberopoulos E, Pavlidis N, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis D. Effects of hormonal treatment on lipids in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009, 35(2):175–84.
  • [29] Sawaki M, Idota A, Uchida H, Noda S, Sato S, Kikumori T, Imai T. The effect of toremifene on lipid metabolism compared with that of tamoxifen in vitro. Gynecol Obstet Investig. 2011, 71(3):213–6.
  • [30] Janeea Myles D, Sophia Allison A, Rianne Villanueva C, Alexis Labrador M, Myla Santiago R. Molecular Docking and in silico Pharmacological Screening of Oleosin from Cocos Nucifera Complexed with Tamoxifen in Developing Potential Breast Chemotherapeutic Leads, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022, 23 (7), 2421-2430.
  • [31] Ammar A Ibrahim. A Theoretical Study of the Docking of Medicines with some Proteins, Baghdad Science Journal, 2023, 20(2): 384-394.
  • [32] Ammar A Ibrahim, Omer M Yahya, Maher A Ibrahim. Theoretical Prediction of Possible Drug Treatment of COVID-19 using Coumarins Containing Chloroquine Moeity, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 32(12), 3120-3126.
  • [33] Zhao Y, Ren J, Harlos K. Toremifene interacts with and destabilizes the Ebola virus glycoprotein. Nature 2016, 535 (7610), 169−172.
  • [34] Salmaso V, Moro S. Bridging molecular docking to molecular dynamics in exploring ligand-protein recognition process: An overview. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2018, (9), 923.
  • [35] Mohammad S T, Ali N A, Alireza A, Experimental, molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies of natural products targeting overexpressed receptors in breast cancer, PLOS ONE 2022, 17(5): e0267961.
  • [36] Dyall J, Coleman C M, Hart B J. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2014, 58 (8), 4885−4893.
  • [37] Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discovery 2020, 6 (1), 14.
  • [38] William R M, Feixiong C. Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV‑2, J. Proteome Res. 2020, 19(11), 4670−4677. Available from <URL>
  • [39] Ran G, Weijuan J, Yunjie Z, Nanyan R, Yue H, Shunrong L, Jiannan W, Liang J, Lijuan C, Meijun L, Kai C, Lili C, Qiaozhen X, Mei W, Erwei S, Fengxi S. A comparison of survival outcomes and side effects of toremifene or tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study, BMC Cancer 2012, (12),161.
  • [40] https://www.rcsb.org
  • [41] Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, Wolmark N. Five versus more than five years of Tamoxifen for lymph node-negative breast cancer: updated findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 randomized trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2001, 93(9), 684-90.
  • [42] Cai Q, Bensen M, Greene R, Kirchner J. Tamoxifen-induced transient multifocal hepatic fatty infiltration. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(1):277–279.
  • [43] Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, et al. Estrogen receptors-mediated apoptosis in hormone-dependent cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:1242.
  • [44] Maruthanila VL, Elancheran R, Kunnumakkara AB, Kabilan S, Kotoky J. Recent development of targeted approaches for the treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2017,(24):191–219.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Molecular Imaging
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Entesar A. Sulliman This is me

Maher A. Ibrahim This is me

Ammar Ibrahim 0000-0002-7085-4074

Raghad Fadhel Jasim This is me

Early Pub Date June 7, 2024
Publication Date December 2, 2024
Submission Date December 5, 2023
Acceptance Date June 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Sulliman, E. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Ibrahim, A., Jasim, R. F. (2024). Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors. Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 8(4), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.33435/tcandtc.1400422
AMA Sulliman EA, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim A, Jasim RF. Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors. Turkish Comp Theo Chem (TC&TC). December 2024;8(4):62-69. doi:10.33435/tcandtc.1400422
Chicago Sulliman, Entesar A., Maher A. Ibrahim, Ammar Ibrahim, and Raghad Fadhel Jasim. “Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors”. Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 8, no. 4 (December 2024): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.33435/tcandtc.1400422.
EndNote Sulliman EA, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim A, Jasim RF (December 1, 2024) Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors. Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 8 4 62–69.
IEEE E. A. Sulliman, M. A. Ibrahim, A. Ibrahim, and R. F. Jasim, “Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors”, Turkish Comp Theo Chem (TC&TC), vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 62–69, 2024, doi: 10.33435/tcandtc.1400422.
ISNAD Sulliman, Entesar A. et al. “Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors”. Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 8/4 (December 2024), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.33435/tcandtc.1400422.
JAMA Sulliman EA, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim A, Jasim RF. Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors. Turkish Comp Theo Chem (TC&TC). 2024;8:62–69.
MLA Sulliman, Entesar A. et al. “Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors”. Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 4, 2024, pp. 62-69, doi:10.33435/tcandtc.1400422.
Vancouver Sulliman EA, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim A, Jasim RF. Molecular Docking Study on Tamoxifen and Toremifene’s Effects on the Breast Cancer Receptors. Turkish Comp Theo Chem (TC&TC). 2024;8(4):62-9.

Journal Full Title: Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry


Journal Abbreviated Title: Turkish Comp Theo Chem (TC&TC)