Geomorphological deformation examples induced by the February 06, 2023, Pazarcık earthquake (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye)

Year 2023, , 23 - 34, 31.12.2023

Hüseyin Turoglu , Osman Sarıgül

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1313551

Abstract

The left-laterally strike-slip Pazarcık fault is one of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) segments. On February 6, 2023, the ±85 km long Pazarcık fault generated a highly destructive Mw=7.7 earthquake. This study aims to explain the geomorphological deformations caused by the February 6, 2023, Pazarcık earthquake with typical examples. The surface rupture of the earthquake between Türkoğlu and Gölbaşı was followed precisely, and the changes in the earth's surface due to the left lateral strike-slip were determined, measured, and recorded. A DJI Phantom 4 and a DJI Mini Drone were used for aerial measurements and recordings during the fieldwork. Garmin e-Trex 10 handheld GPS and tape measure were used for terrestrial measurements.
During the field studies, the surface rupture of the earthquake was investigated from a geomorphological perspective and mapped by taking location data. It was determined by the measurements that the left lateral offset distances in the surface fracture vary between 4.0-6.5m. One of the geomorphological deformations of the February 6, 2023 earthquake is transpressional ridges and/or transtensional depressions. Transpressional shortening and/or transtensional extension deformations due to a single surface rupture are the natural consequences of the curvilinear slip plane of the left-laterally strike-slip Pazarcık fault. Liquefaction samples with different characteristics were observed in the Sakarkaya alluvial fill area within the Gölbaşı depression. Rockfalls occurred on sandstone, mudstone, and limestone rock slopes weakened by the discontinuity due to the density of cracks outcropping in the valley where the surface rupture passes in the Kartal, Sakarkaya section. During field studies, slides and spreading were also observed. Typical examples of slide occurred on the unconsolidated fill ground on the south coast of Gölbaşı Lake with a slight slope towards the lake as a result of the vibration effect of the earthquake. In addition, the vibration effect of the earthquake caused lateral spreading deformations in the artificial fillings of road and road junction structures.

Keywords

06 February 2023 Earthquake, Earthquake, Pazarcık Fault, left lateral offset, Geomorphological Deformation

06 Şubat 2023, Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) depreminin neden olduğu jeomorfolojik deformasyon örnekleri

Abstract

Sol yanal atımlı Pazarcık fayı; Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ) nun segmentlerinden biridir. ±85 km uzunluğundaki Pazarcık fayı 06 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Mw=7.7 büyüklüğünde bir deprem üretmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık depreminin neden olduğu jeomorfolojik deformasyonların, tipik örneklemeler ile açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. Depremin, Türkoğlu-Gölbaşı arasındaki yüzey kırığı birebir takip edilerek, sol yanal atım nedeniyle yeryüzünde meydana gelen değişimler tespit edilmiş, ölçümlenmiş ve kayıt edilmiştir. Saha çalışması sırasında havadan yapılan ölçüm ve kayıtlarda DJI Phantom 4 ve DJI Mini Drone kullanılmıştır. Yersel ölçümlerde ise Garmin el GPS ve şerit metre kullanılmıştır.
Arazi çalışmaları sırasında depremin yüzey kırığı jeomorfolojik perspektifte araştırılmış, lokasyon verisi alınarak, haritalanmıştır. Yüzey kırığındaki sol yanal atım mesafeleri 4-6.5m arasında değişiklik gösterdiği yapılan ölçümlerle tespit edilmiştir. 06 Şubat 2023 depreminin jeomorfolojik deformasyonlarından biri sıkışma sırtları ve açılma çöküntüleridir. Bu morfolojik deformasyonlar; sol yanal atımlı Pazarcık fayının eğrisel kayma düzleminin ortaya çıkardığı doğal sonuçlardır. Farklı özelliklere sahip sıvılaşma örnekleri Gölbaşı depresyonunun Sakarkaya mevki alüviyal dolgu sahasında gözlenmiştir. Kaya düşmeleri Kartal-Sakarkaya bölümünde yüzey kırığının içinden geçtiği vadide yüzeylenen çatlak yoğunluğu nedeniyle süreksizliğin zayıflattığı kumtaşı, çamurtaşı, kireçtaşı yamaçlarında meydana gelmiştir. Saha çalışmaları sırasında kayma ve yayılmalar da gözlenmiştir. Kaymaların tipik örnekleri Gölbaşı Gölü’nün güney kıyısında göle doğru az eğimli konsolide olmamış dolgu zeminde depremin vibrasyon etkisi ile meydana gelmiştir. Yine depremin vibrasyon etkisi yol ve kavşak inşaatlarına ait yapay dolgularda yanal yayılma deformasyonlarına
neden olmuştur.

Keywords

06 Şubat 2023 Depremi, pazarcık fayı, Sol yanal atım,, Jeomorfolojik deformasyon

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