Evaluation of anthropogenic indicators used in fossil pollen analysis and land-use types

Abstract

In paleogeographical researches, determining the past human activities and the effects of human on the environment is of great importance. Fossil pollen data obtained from lakes and marsh sediments are one of the most common proxy records used in determining human activities on the land. In this study, it is aimed to give anthropogenic indicators together, which are used in the interpretation of the human impact in the fossil pollen records and reflect certain land-use types, and to be presented to the researchers in this field. To achieve this, the results and evaluations of modern pollen and fossil pollen analysis studies and their adaptation to fossil pollen analysis results in different location were based on. Different forms of human activities in the historical process have led to the emergence or spread of different plant species and therefore different pollen assemblages in certain periods. Using these pollen assemblages in fossil pollen diagrams, human impact and some types of land use can be determined. As a result of the evaluation of the pollen studies carried out so far, four different types of land use, namely agricultural lands, abandoned agricultural lands, lands affected by grazing and agricultural activities, deforested lands, and the most common anthropogenic indicators indicating these lands have been determined.

Keywords

• Anthropogenic indicators
• Fossil pollen
• Modern pollen
• Land use types
• Paleogeography

Fosil polen analizlerinde kullanılan antropojenik göstergelerin değerlendirilmesi ve arazi kullanım şekilleri

Öz

Paleocoğrafya araştırmalarında geçmişteki insan faaliyetleri ve insanın ortam üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Göl ve bataklık sedimanlarından elde edilen fosil polen verileri arazi üzerindeki insan faaliyetlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan en yaygın dolaylı kayıtlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada fosil polen kayıtlarında insan etkisinin yorumlanmasında kullanılan ve belirli arazi kullanım şekillerini yansıtan antropojenik göstergelerin bir arada verilmesi ve bu alandaki araştırmacıların kullanımına sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için güncel polen ve fosil polen analizi çalışmalarına ait bulgular ve değerlendirmeler ve bunların farklı lokasyonlarda yer alan fosil polen analizi bulgularına uyarlanması esas alınmıştır. Tarihsel süreçte insan faaliyetlerinin farklı şekilleri belirli dönemlerde farklı bitki türlerinin dolayısıyla farklı polen birliklerinin ortaya çıkmasına ya da yayılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu polen birliklerinin fosil polen diyagramlarında kullanılması sonucunda insan etkisi ve bazı arazi kullanım şekilleri belirlenebilmektedir. Şimdiye kadar gerçekleştirilen polen çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda tarım arazileri, terk edilmiş tarım arazileri, otlatma ve tarım faaliyetlerinden etkilenen araziler, doğal ormanların tahrip edildiği araziler olmak üzere dört farklı arazi kullanım şekli ve bu arazileri işaret eden en yaygın antropojenik göstergeler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antropojenik gösterge taksonları
• Fosil polen
• Güncel polen
• Arazi kullanım şekilleri
• Paleocoğrafya

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