Analytical methods used in regional ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in wetlands

Abstract

Wetland ecosystems are important natural resources that provide a habitat for many fauna and flora species and they are highly beneficial for people as well. Increasing anthropogenic effects in recent years cause ecological degradation in wetlands as a result of PTE resulting in health risks for people who benefit from wetlands in various ways. Therefore, analytical methods have been developed for ecological degradation and health risk assessments in wetlands. Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), Modified contamination degree (mCd) and Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) are used to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of elements. Modified ecological risk (mER), Modified potential ecological risk (mPER), Pollution load index (PLI), Toxic risk index (TRI), Modified hazard quotient (mHQ), Ecological contamination index (ECI) and Contamination severity index (CSI) are utilized for ecological risk assessment. Hazard index (HI) and Hazard quotient (HQ) are used to detect non-carcinogenic health risks and Lifetime cancer risk index (LCR) is used to for the detection of cancer risk. Multivariate statistical analyzes and Geographic Information Systems based spatial analyzes are used to identify the common sources of PTEs and to determine their transportation processes. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the above-mentioned methods.

Keywords

• Ecological risk
• Health risk
• Potential toxic elements
• Wetland ecology
• Geographical Information Systems

Sulak alanlarda potansiyel toksik element (PTE) kaynaklı bölgesel ekolojik risk araştırmalarında kullanılan analitik metotlar

Öz

Sulak alan ekosistemleri çok sayıda fauna ve flora türüne yaşam ortamı sunan, aynı zamanda insanların faydalandığı önemli doğal kaynak değerleridir. Son yıllarda artan antropojenik etkiler sulak alanlarda PTE kaynaklı ekolojik bozulmaya ve buralardan çeşitli yollarla faydalanan insanlar üzerinde sağlık risklerine neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, sulak alanlarda ekolojik bozulma ve sağlık riski analizleri yapmak için analitik metotlar geliştirilmiştir. Zenginleşme faktörü (Enrichment factor-EF), Kontaminasyon faktörü (Contamination factor-CF), Modifiye kontaminasyon derecesi (Modified contamination degree-mCd), Jeoakümülasyon indeksi (Geoaccumulation index-Igeo) ile elementlerin doğal ve antropojenik kaynakları tespit edilmektedir. Modifiye ekolojik risk indeksi (Modified ecological risk-mER) Modifiye potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (Modified potential ecological risk-mPER), Kirlilik yük indeksi (Pollution load index-PLI), Toksik risk indeksi (Toxic risk index-TRI), Modifiye edilmiş risk oranı (Modified hazard quotient-mHQ), Ekolojik kontaminasyon indeksi (Ecological contamination index-ECI) ve Kontaminasyon ağırlık indeksiyle (Contamination severity index-CSI) ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Kanserojen olmayan sağlık risklerinin tespiti için Tehlike indeksi (Hazard index- HI) ve Tehlike oranı (Hazard quotient-HQ), kanser riski tespiti için Yaşam boyu toplam kanser riski indeksi (Lifetime cancer risk index-LCR) hesaplanmaktadır. PTE’lerin ortak kaynaklarını tanımlamak ve taşınma süreçlerini tespit etmek için çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri’ne dayalı mekânsal analizler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yukarıda belirtilen metotların kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bölgesel ekolojik risk
• Sağlık riski
• Potansiyel toksik elementler
• Sulak alan ekolojisi
• Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri

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