Use of Phenytoin in Vertigo/Dizziness

Abstract

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic agent that has been in clinical use for approximately 80 years, particularly due to its antiepileptic and antineuralgic activity and antiarrhythmic effects. Phenytoin has also become increasingly widely used in recent years in various clinical applications, including wound healing, migraine, dizziness, myocardial infarction, bipolar disorder, various types of ulcer, and burns. Vertigo/dizziness is frequently seen in children. Numerous causes play a role in the etiology of vertigo/dizziness. Antiepileptic drugs (particularly carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin) are also known to give rise to vertigo/dizziness. There are no specific studies concerning the treatment of vertigo/dizziness in childhood, and treatment is reported to involve treatment of the underlying etiology.

Keywords

• Phenytoin
• treatment
• vertigo

Vertigoda Fenitoin Kullanımı

Abstract

Fenitoin, özellikle antiepileptik, antinöraljik aktivitesi ve antiaritmik etkileri nedeniyle yaklaşık 80 yıldır klinik kullanımda olan bir antiepileptik ajandır. Fenitoin ayrıca son yıllarda yara iyileşmesi, migren, baş dönmesi, miyokard enfarktüsü, bipolar bozukluk, ülser türleri ve yanıklar dahil olmak üzere çeşitli klinik uygulamalarda giderek daha yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Çocuklarda baş dönmesi sıklıkla görülür. Baş dönmesi etyolojisinde çok sayıda neden rol oynamaktadır. Antiepileptik ilaçların da (özellikle karbamazepin ve difenilhidantoin) baş dönmesine neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çocukluk çağında baş dönmesi tedavisi ile ilgili spesifik bir çalışma yoktur ve tedavinin altta yatan etyolojinin tedavisini içerdiği bildirilmektedir.

Keywords

• fenitoin
• tedavi
• vertigo

References

1. Dilber B, Aydın ZGG, Yeşilbaş O, Sağ E, Aksoy NK, Gündoğmuş F, et al. Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Acute COVID Infections: A Single Center Experience. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2021;67(3):1-9.
2. Asadi-Pooya AA. Seizures associated with coronavirus infections. Seizure 2020;79(July):49–52.
3. Fırat O, Yalçın N, Demirkan K. COVID-19 & antiepileptic drugs: Should we pay attention? Seizure 2020 Aug;80:240-241.
4. Abou-Khalil BW. Antiepileptic Drugs. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2016 Feb;22(1 Epilepsy):132-56.
5. Yaari Y, Selzer ME, Pincus JH. Phenytoin: mechanisms of its anticonvulsant action. Ann Neurol 1986;20(2):171-84.
6. Patocka J, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, et al. Phenytoin - An anti-seizure drug: Overview of its chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2020 Aug;142:111393.
7. Keppel Hesselink JM, Kopsky DJ. Phenytoin: 80 years young, from epilepsy to breast cancer, a remarkable molecule with multiple modes of action. J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1617-21.
8. Keppel Hesselink JM, Kopsky DJ. Phenytoin: neuroprotection or neurotoxicity? Neurol Sci 2017 Jun;38(6):1137-41.

9. Keppel Hesselink JM. Phenytoin repositioned in wound healing: clinical experience spanning 60 years. Drug Discov Today 2018 Feb;23(2):402-8.
10. Russel G, Abu-Arafeh I. Paroxysmal vertigo in children- an epidemiological study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999;49(1):105–7.
11. Various Vertigo Syndromes. In: Vertigo and Dizziness. Springer, London 2005 https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-081-8_6