Initial symptom of different developmental problems: Language delay

Abstract

Objective: The aim is to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, differential diagnoses and risk factors of children with language delay.

Material and Methods: This retrospective study was included 222 children with language delay referred to a tertiary developmental-behavioral pediatrics clinic. Children were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 2nd Edition and Guide for Monitoring and Child Development.

Results: Most of families (78%) firstly admitted to pediatricians. Only 38.7% of the children had expressive language disorder, while 39.6% had cognitive delay and 14% had autism spectrum disorder (ASD).  56.8% of the children did not have book. Book ownership decreased with increasing sibling count and lower parents educational level. Kindergarten/pre-school education was in only 3.2% of the children. 15.8% of the children did not have any opportunity for peer relationship. Most of the children (82.4%) had daily screen time above 4 hours. Mental Developmental Index scores were lower in children with lack of books, and parents with ≤8 years of education.

Conclusion: Serious neurodevelopmental problems including cognitive delay and ASD should be considered in children with language delay. Pediatricians play a central role in early diagnosis, appropriate management and should guide the families about protective factors that affect language development.

Keywords

• Key words: language delay,autism spectrum disorder,cognitive delay,early diagnosis

Farklı gelişimsel problemlerin ilk bulgusu: Konuşma gecikmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada konuşma gecikmesi yakınması ile başvuran çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin, ayırıcı tanılarının ve konuşma gecikmesi ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Gelişimsel pediatri polikliniğine “konuşma gecikmesi” yakınması ile başvuran 222 çocuğun tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak gözden geçirildi. Çocuklar Gelişimi İzleme ve Destekleme Rehberi (GİDR) ve Bayley Bebekler İçin Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Ölçeği II kullanılarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çocukların %78’i ilk olarak çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanlarına başvurmuşlardı. Olguların sadece %38,7’sinde ifade edici dil gelişiminde izole gecikme saptanırken, %39.6’isında bilişsel gecikme,  %14’ünde otizm spektrum bozukluğu saptandı. Çocukların %56.8’inin evde kendisine ait kitabı yoktu. Kardeş sayısı arttıkça ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi düştükçe kitaba sahip olma oranının düştüğü görüldü (p˂0,05). Çocukların sadece %3.2’si okul öncesi eğitim alıyordu, %15.8’ünün oyun alanı/park gibi yaşıt ilişkilerinin sağlanacağı ortamlarda bulunma fırsatının olmadığı saptandı. Çocukların çoğunluğunun (%82.4) ekran maruziyeti günde 4 saat ya da daha fazlaydı. Evde kendisine ait kitabı olmayan ve ebeveyn eğitim süresi 8 yıl ve altında olan çocukların MDI puanları daha düşük saptandı (p <0,05).

Sonuç: Konuşma gecikmesi ile başvuran olgularda bilişsel gecikme, otizm spektrum bozukluğu gibi ciddi nörogelişimsel sorunların da göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanları dil ve konuşma alanındaki gecikmelerin erken saptanmasında, uygun yönlendirilmesinde ve dil gelişimini etkileyen değiştirilebilir koruyucu faktörler hakkında ailelere rehberlik etmede önemli role sahiptirler. 

Keywords

• konuşma gecikmesi,otizm spectrum bozukluğu,bilişsel gecikme,erken tanı

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