Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung problem caused by pause and lung damage in alveolar development in preterm infants. Trauma caused by mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, decreased surfactant production, infection and inflammation play a role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Systemic and inhaled steroids are used to stop the inflammatory process, which is the primary mediator. Herein, inhaled steroids used in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are reviewed and recent recommendations are given.

Keywords

• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• inhaled corticosteroids
• newborn

Bronkopulmoner Displazide İnhale Kortikosteroid Kullanımı

Abstract

Bronkopulmoner displazi, preterm bebeklerde alveoler gelişimde duraksama ve akciğer hasarına bağlı gelişen kronik bir akciğer sorunudur. Bronkopulmoner displazi gelişiminde mekanik ventilasyonun neden olduğu travma, oksijen toksisitesi, azalmış surfaktan üretimi, enfeksiyon ve inflamasyon rol oynamaktadır. Primer mediatör olan inflamatuvar sürecin durdurulması için sistemik ve inhale kortikosteroidler kullanılmaktadır. Bu yazıda, bronkopulmoner displazinin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde kullanılan inhale kortikosteroidler gözden geçirilerek son önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Bronkopulmoner displazi
• inhale steroid
• yenidoğan

References

1. 1. Eichenwald EC, Stark AR. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Definition, pathogenesis, and clinical features. Up to Date, 2019.
2. 2. Thekkeveedu RK, Guaman MC, Shivanna B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Respir Med. 2017; 132: 170-7.
3. 3. Bassler D. Inhalation or instillation of steroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Neonatology. 2015; 107 (4): 358-9.
4. 4. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(7): 1723-9.
5. 5. Doyle LW, Ehrenkranz RA, Halliday HL. Early (< 8 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 13(5): CD001146.
6. 6. Doyle LW, Cheong JLY. Postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia - Who might benefit? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 22(5): 290-5.
7. 7. Baud O, Maury L, Lebail F, Ramful D, El Moussawi F, Nicaise C, et al . PREMILOC trial study group. Effect of early low-dose hydrocortisone on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants (PREMILOC): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet. 2016; 30;387 (10030):1827-36.
8. 8. Onland W, Cools F, Kroon A, Rademaker K, Merkus MP, Dijk PH, et al. STOP-BPD Study Group. Effect of Hydrocortisone Therapy Initiated 7 to 14 Days After Birth on Mortality or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Preterm Infants Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019; 29; 321(4): 354-363.

9. 9. Arsan A, Toygar Korkmaz A, Oğuz S. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği, Bronkopulmoner Displazi Korunma ve İzlem Rehberi, 2018.
10. 10. Doyle LW, Ehrenkranz RA, Halliday HL.Late (> 7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;13(5): CD001145.
11. 11.Slaughter JL, Stenger MR, Reagan PB, Jadcherla SR: Utilization of inhaled corticosteroids for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PLoS One 2014; 9: e106838.
12. 12. Maas C, Poets CF, Bassler D: Survey of practices regarding utilization of inhaled steroids in 223 German neonatal units. Neonatology. 2010; 98: 404-8.
13. 13. Cole CH, Colton T, Shah BL, Abbasi S, MacKinnon BL, Demissie S,et al. Early inhaled glucocorticoid therapy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 1999; 1; 340(13): 1005-10.
14. 14. Denjean A, Paris-Llado J, Zupan V, Debillon T, Kieffer F, Magny JF, Desfrères L, et al. Inhaled salbutamol and beclomethasone for preventing broncho-pulmonary dysplasia: a randomised double-blind study. Eur J Pediatr. 1998; 157(11): 926-31.
15. 15. Fok TF, Lam K, Dolovich M, Ng PC, Wong W, Cheung KL,et al. Randomised controlled study of early use of inhaled corticosteroid in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999; 80(3): F203-8.
16. 16. Merz U, Kusenbach G, Häusler M, Peschgens T, Hörnchen H. Inhaled budesonide in ventilator-dependent preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind pilot study. Biol Neonate. 1999; 75(1): 46-53.
17. 17.Yeh TF, Chen CM, Wu SY, Husan Z, Li TC, Hsieh WS, et al. Intratracheal administration of budesonide/surfactant to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016; 1; 193(1): 86-95.
18. 18. Shah VS, Ohlsson A, Halliday HL, Dunn M. Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 1: CD001969.
19. 19. Bassler D, Plavka R, Shinwell ES, Hallman M, Jarreau PH, Carnielli V, et al. NEUROSIS Trial Group Early inhaled budesonide for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(16): 1497–506.
20. 20.Bassler D, Shinwell ES, Hallman M, Jarreau PH, Plavka R, Carnielli V, et al. Neonatal European Study of Inhaled Steroids Trial Group. Long-term effects of inhaled budesonide for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(2): 148–57.
21. 21. Onland W, Offringa M, van Kaam A. Late (≥ 7 days) inhalation corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 24; 8: CD002311.
22. 22. Sweet DG, Carnielli V, Greisen G, Hallman M, Ozek E, Te Pas A, et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - 2019 Update.Neonatology. 2019;115(4): 432-450.
23. 23. Zhang ZQ, Zhong Y, Huang XM, Du L. Airway administration of corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2017; 17: 207.
24. 24. Shah SS, Ohlsson A, Halliday HL, Shah VS. Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 10: CD002058.
25. 25. Shah SS, Ohlsson A, Halliday HL, Shah VS.Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 10: CD002057.
26. 26. Steroids and surfactant in extremely low gestation age infants dose escalation trial. https:// ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02907593.
27. 27. Inhale budesonide for non-ventilated infants at high risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the i-BUD pilot study. https:// ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT01895075.
28. 28. Eichenwald EC, Stark AR. Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Postnatal use of corticosteroids. Up to Date, 2019