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Ülkemizde Çocuklarda İki Farklı Zaman Diliminde İzlenen Akut Bakteriyel Menenjitlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 193 - 199, 01.12.2018

Abstract

Amaç: Bakteriyel menenjit tıbbi acil bir durumdur. Tedavi edilmemiş bakteriyel menenjitlerde mortalite oranı %100’dür. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de Haemophilus influenzae tip b ve Streptococcus pneumoniae’ya karşı geliştirilmiş konjuge aşıların Ulusal Bağışıklama Programı’na girmesinden önce ve sonra, 2 farklı dönemde, 2 farklı merkezde izlenen akut bakteriyel menenjitler değerlendirilerek, Türkiye’de yıllar içinde akut bakteriyel menenjit epidemiyolojisi, tedavi seçenekleri, komplikasyon oranlarındaki değişikliklerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışma; 1.10.1995-31.7.1996 tarihleri arasında Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kliniği’nde (birinci merkez) akut bakteriyel menenjit tanısı ile izlenen 54 ve 1.2.2012-16.3.2016 tarihleri arasında Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Ankara Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hematoloji Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kliniği’nde (ikinci merkez), yine aynı tanıyla izlenen 17 hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalara bakteriyel menenjit tanısı Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kriterlerine göre konulmuştur.Bulgular: Birinci merkezde izlenen hastaların yaş aralığı 1 ay-14 yaştır (ortalama 40.5 aydır). Hastaların %42.5’inde etken saptanmıştır. Saptanan mikroorganizmalar sırasıyla; Neisseria meningitidis (%52.2), Streptococcus pneumoniae (%26.1) ve Haemophilus influenzae tip b’dir (%17.4). İkinci merkezde izlenen hastaların yaş aralığı 3 ay-18 yaştır (ortalama 71.3 aydır). Hastaların %64.7’sinde etken saptanmıştır. Streptococcus pneumoniae %54.5 ile en fazla, Neisseria meningitidis %27.3 ile 2. sırada saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Aradan geçen yıllar içerisinde dünyanın diğer ülkelerinde olduğu gibi, Türkiye’de de akut bakteriyel menenjit epidemiyolojisinde değişiklikler olduğu, görülme sıklığının azaldığı, Haemophilus influenza tip b ve Streptococcus pneumoniae’ya karşı geliştirilmiş konjuge aşıların Ulusal Bağışıklama Programı’na girmesinin etkileri gözlenmiştir.

References

  • Silva WA, Pinheiro AM, Coutinho LG, Marinho LAC, Lima LFA. Epidemiological profile of acute bacterial meningitis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010 43:455- 7.
  • millipediatri.org.tr/Uploads/EditorImages/files/asilama.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 12 Temmuz 2016.
  • World Health Organisation. Vaccine research and development. Generic protocol for population-based surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae type B. Geneva, 1996. (http://www.who. int/vaccines- documents/DocsPDF/www9723.pdf).
  • van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-59.
  • Roca A, Bassat Q, Morais L, Machevo S, Sigaşque B, O’Callaghan C, et al. Surveillance of acute bacterial meningitis among children admitted to a district hospital in rural Mozambique. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:172-80.
  • Mani R, Pradhan S, Nagarathna S, Wasiulla R, Chandramuki A. Bacteriological profile of community acquired bacterial meningitis: A ten-year retrospective study in a tertiary neurocare centre in South India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007;25:108-14.
  • Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998- 2007. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2016-25.
  • Uysal G, Güven A, Köse G, Yüksel G, Yüksel S, Oskovi H. Çocukluk çağında akut bakteriyel menenjitlerde etyolojik ajanlar, klinik tablo ve prognoz. T Klin Pediatri 2001;10:93-8.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Pneumococcal infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:626.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Meningococcal infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:547.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Haemophilus influenzae infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL:American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:368.
  • Baraff LJ, Lee SI, Schriger DL. Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12:389-94.
  • Anderson V, Anderson P, Grimwood K, Nolan T. Cognitive and executive function 12 years after childhood bacterial meningitis: Effect of acute neurologic complications and age of onset. J Pediatr Psychol 2004;29:67-81.
  • Koomen I, Grobbee DE, Roord JJ, Donders R, Jennekens-Schinkel A, van Furth AM. Hearing loss at school age in survivors of bacterial meningitis: Assessment, incidence, and prediction. Pediatrics 2003;112:1049-53.
  • Pomeroy SL, Holmes SJ, Dodge PR, Feigin RD. Seizures and other neurologic sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1651-7.
  • Grimwood K, Anderson P, Anderson V, Tan L, Nolan T. Twelve year outcomes following bacterial meningitis: Further evidence for persisting effects. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:111-6.
  • Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr. Acute bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (eds). Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2008:284-91.
  • Taylor HG, Schatschneider C, Minich NM. Longitudinal outcomes of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in school-age children. Neuropsychology 2000;14:509-18. 78:959-82.

Evaluation of Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis Treated in Two Separate Time Periods in Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 193 - 199, 01.12.2018

Abstract

Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. The mortality rate in untreated bacterial meningitis is 100%. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in acute bacterial meningitis epidemiology, treatment options and complication rates in Turkey over the years by evaluating acute bacterial meningitis treated in two different centers before and after the introduction of the conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae into the National Immunization Program in Turkey.Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective study. The study included 54 patients who were followed up for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of University of Health Sciences, Ankara Doctor Sami Ulus Children and Gynecology-Obstetrics Training and Research Hospital (first center) between September 1, 1995 and July 31, 1996 and 17 patients who were followed up with the same diagnosis at the Infectious Disease Clinic of University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital (second center) between February 1, 2012 and March 16, 2016. Bacterial meningitis diagnosis was done according to the World Health Organization criteria

References

  • Silva WA, Pinheiro AM, Coutinho LG, Marinho LAC, Lima LFA. Epidemiological profile of acute bacterial meningitis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010 43:455- 7.
  • millipediatri.org.tr/Uploads/EditorImages/files/asilama.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 12 Temmuz 2016.
  • World Health Organisation. Vaccine research and development. Generic protocol for population-based surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae type B. Geneva, 1996. (http://www.who. int/vaccines- documents/DocsPDF/www9723.pdf).
  • van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-59.
  • Roca A, Bassat Q, Morais L, Machevo S, Sigaşque B, O’Callaghan C, et al. Surveillance of acute bacterial meningitis among children admitted to a district hospital in rural Mozambique. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:172-80.
  • Mani R, Pradhan S, Nagarathna S, Wasiulla R, Chandramuki A. Bacteriological profile of community acquired bacterial meningitis: A ten-year retrospective study in a tertiary neurocare centre in South India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007;25:108-14.
  • Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998- 2007. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2016-25.
  • Uysal G, Güven A, Köse G, Yüksel G, Yüksel S, Oskovi H. Çocukluk çağında akut bakteriyel menenjitlerde etyolojik ajanlar, klinik tablo ve prognoz. T Klin Pediatri 2001;10:93-8.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Pneumococcal infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:626.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Meningococcal infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:547.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Haemophilus influenzae infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS (eds). Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL:American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015:368.
  • Baraff LJ, Lee SI, Schriger DL. Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12:389-94.
  • Anderson V, Anderson P, Grimwood K, Nolan T. Cognitive and executive function 12 years after childhood bacterial meningitis: Effect of acute neurologic complications and age of onset. J Pediatr Psychol 2004;29:67-81.
  • Koomen I, Grobbee DE, Roord JJ, Donders R, Jennekens-Schinkel A, van Furth AM. Hearing loss at school age in survivors of bacterial meningitis: Assessment, incidence, and prediction. Pediatrics 2003;112:1049-53.
  • Pomeroy SL, Holmes SJ, Dodge PR, Feigin RD. Seizures and other neurologic sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1651-7.
  • Grimwood K, Anderson P, Anderson V, Tan L, Nolan T. Twelve year outcomes following bacterial meningitis: Further evidence for persisting effects. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:111-6.
  • Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr. Acute bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (eds). Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2008:284-91.
  • Taylor HG, Schatschneider C, Minich NM. Longitudinal outcomes of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in school-age children. Neuropsychology 2000;14:509-18. 78:959-82.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA27MJ25NT
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aysun Kara Uzun This is me

Aysel Yöney This is me

Benal Kunak This is me

Saliha Kanık Yüksek This is me

Hasan Tezer This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2018
Submission Date December 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Uzun AK, Yöney A, Kunak B, Yüksek SK, Tezer H. Evaluation of Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis Treated in Two Separate Time Periods in Turkey. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2018;12(3):193-9.


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