Akut Romatizmal Ateş

Year 2016, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 283 - 296, 01.12.2016

Ali Osman Köksal Asiye Gültekin Soylu Osman Özdemir

Abstract

Akut romatizmal ateş grup A streptokok farenjitinin çoklu organ sistemini etkileyen enflamatuvar bir bağ dokusu hastalığıdır. En sık 5-15 yaş arasında görülmekle birlikte; 5 yaş altındaki olgular, toplam hasta sayısının %3-5’ini oluşturmaktadır. Antibiyotiklerin yaygın kullanımı ile akut romatizmal ateş insidansı azalmasına rağmen dünyada 19/100.000 çocuğu etkilediği ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde edinilmiş kalp hastalıklarının en önemli nedeni olduğu bilinmektedir. Akut romatizmal ateş tanısı klinik bulgulardan oluşan güncellenmiş Jones kriterleri kullanılarak konulmaktadır. Ekokardiyografi bulguları tanı kriterleri içerisinde yer almasa da son yıllardaki önemleri giderek artmaktadır. Çünkü akut romatizmal ateş sonrası kalıcı kapak lezyonları prognozu belirleyen en önemli faktördür.

Keywords

Akut romatizmal ateş, Çocuk, Grup A streptokok, Romatizmal kalp hastalığı

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Abstract

Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory connective tissue disease of group A streptococcal pharyngitis that affects multiple organ systems. Although it is common between the ages of 5 and 15, the patients under five years of age comprise 3-5% of the total number. The incidence of acute rheumatic fever had been declining even before the use of antibiotics became widespread; however, the disease has been estimated to affect 19 per 100,000 children worldwide and it remains the most important cause of acquired heart disease in developing countries. Acute rheumatic fever is diagnosed with the clinical findings using the modified Jones criteria. The role of echocardiography has increased in recent years but the diagnostic criteria do not include echocardiography findings. Permanent valve lesions are the most important factors determining the prognosis of acute rheumatic fever

Keywords

Acute rheumatic fever, Child, Group A streptococcus, Rheumatic heart disease

References

• Saltık İL. Akut romatizmal ateş. The Journal of Current Pediatrics 2007;5 Özel sayı 1:156-9.
• Galal ME, Medhat ME, Khalid AS, Howaida GE. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In: Garson A, Bricker JT, Fisher DJ, Neish SR (eds). The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1998:1691-724.
• Ayoub EM. Acute rheumatic fever. In: Allen HD, Gutgesel HP, Clark EB, Driscoll DJ (eds). Moss and Adams’ Heart Disease in Infants, Children and Adolescents, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2001:1226-41.
• Bernstein D. Acquired heart disease In: Behr- man RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004:1565-72.
• Cilliers AM. Rheumatic fever and its management. BMJ 2006;333:1153-6.
• Carapetis JR, Mc Donald M, Wilson N. Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet 2005;366:155-66.
• Dajani AS. Rheumatic fever in braunwald heart disease. In: Braunwald E (ed). A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1997:1769-75.
• Özer S, Halkaoğlu O, Ozkutlu S, Çeliker A, Alehan D, Karagöz T. Childhood acute rheumatic fever in Ankara, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2005;47:120-4.
• Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:685–94.
• Tibazarwa KB, Volmink JA, Mayosi BM. Incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the world: A systematic review of population- based studies. Heart 2008;94:1534–40.
• Miyake CY, Gauvreau K, Tani LY, Sundel RP, Newburger JW. Characteristics of children discharged from hospitals in the United States in 2000 with the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Pediatrics 2007;120:503–8.
• Akalın F. Akut romatizmal ateş ve yenilikler. Türk Ped Arş 2007;42:85-93.
• Mayosi BM. A proposal for eradication of rheumatic fever in our lifetime. SAMJ 2006;96:229-30.
• Mbewu AD. Rheumatic heart disease is a neglected disease of poverty requiring a multisectoral approach for control and eradication. SAMJ 2006;96:231-2.
• Yuko-Jowi C, Bakari M. Echocardiographic patterns of juvenile rheumatic heart disease at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2005;82:514-9.
• Saraçlar M, Ertuğrul A, Özme ve Ajun A. Akut romatizmal ateş insidansı ve romatizmal kalp hastalıklarının prevalansı. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 1978;7:50-5.
• Beyazova U, Benli D, Beyazova M. Akut romatizmal ateş görülme sıklığı. Çocuk Sağ Hast Derg 1987;2:76-8.
• Veasy LG, Tani LY, Hill HR. Persistence of acute rheumatic fever in the intermountain area of the United States. J Pediatr 1994;124:9–
• Karademir S, Demirçeken F, Atalay S, Demircin G, Sipahi T, Teziç T. Acute rheumatic fever in children in the Ankara area in 1980-1989. Acta Pediatr 1994;83:862-5.
• Madden S, Kelly L. Update on acute rheumatic fever; it stil exists in remote communities. Can Fam Physician 2009;55:475-8.
• Onat T. Akut romatizmal ateş ve romatizmal kardit. Romatizmal kardit. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kitabı. İstanbul: Eksen Basın Yayın, 1999:558-95.
• Ozdemir O, Oguz D, Atmaca E, Sanli C, Yildirim A, Olgunturk R. Cardiac troponin T in children with acute rheumatic carditis. Pediatr Cardiol 2011;32:55–8.
• Mohindro R, Pannu HS, Mohan B, Kumar N, Dhooria HS, Sehgal A, et al. Syncope in a middle aged male due to acute rheumatic fever. Indian Heart J 2004;56:668-9.
• Kula S, Olguntürk R, Özdemir O. Two unusual presentations of acute rheumatic fever. Cardiol Young 2005;15:514-6.
• Unal N, Kosecik M, Saylam S, Kır M, Paytoncu S, Kumtepe S. Cardiac tamponade in acute rheumatic fever. Int J Cardiol 2005;103:217-8.
• Ayabakan C, Akalın F. Akut romatizmal ateşin değişen yüzü. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi 2004;4:359-60.
• Tubridy-Clark M, Carapetis JR. Subclinical carditis in rheumatic fever; A Systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2007;119:54-8.
• Özkutlu S, Hallıoğlu O, Ayabakan C. Evaluation of subclinical valvar disease in patients with rheumatic fever. Cardiol Young 2003;13:495-9.
• Özdemir O, Işık S, Abacı A, Hızlı S, Akelma AZ, Kışlal FM ve ark. Akut romatizmal ateşte sessiz düşman: Subklinik kardit. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2011;39:41–6.
• Vijayalakshmi IB, Mithravinda J, Deva ANP. The role of echocardiography in diagnosing carditis in the setting of rheumatic fever. Cardiol Young 2005;15:583-86.
• www.nhf.org.nz/files/ Guide for use of echocardiography in acute rheumatic fever.
• Harlan GA, Tani LY, Byington CL. Rheumatic fever presenting as monoarticular arthritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:743-6.
• Williamson L, Bowness P, Mowat A, Östman-Smith I. Difficulties in diagnosing acute rheumatic fever- arthritis may be short lived and carditis silent. BMJ 2000;320:362-5.
• Olguntürk R, Canter B, Tunaoğlu FS, Kula S. Review of 609 patients with rheumatic fever in terms of revised and updated Jones criteria. Int J Cardiol 2006;112:91-8.
• Tutar E. Akut romatizmal ateş ve poststreptokoksik reaktif artrit. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2008;4:107-13.
• El Said GM, Sanour KA. Acute rheumatic fever. In: Garson A, Bricker JT, Mcnamara DG (eds). The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology. Lea and Febiger. London:Philadelphia, 1990:1485-500.
• Mercadante MT, Busatta GF, Lombroso PJ, Prado L, Rosario- Campos MC, Dovalle R, et al. The psychiatric symptoms of rheu- matic fever. Am J psychiatry 2000;157:2036-8.
• Maia DP, Teixieira AL, Cunningham MCQ, Cardoso F. Obsessive compulsive behaviour, hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder in Sydenham chorea. Neurology 2005;64:1799-801.
• Braunwald E. Heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Rheumatic fever and the rheumatic diseases of the heart. 1992;56:1721-30.
• Sethi S, Kaushik K, Mohandas K, Sengupta C, Singh S, Sharma M. Anti-streptolysin O titres in normal healthy children of 5-15 years. Indian Pediatr 2003;40:1068-7.
• Pereira BA, da Silva NA, Andrade LE, Lima FS, Gurian FC, de Almeida Netto JC. Jones criteria and underdiagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Indian J Pediatr 2007;74:117-21.
• Association. JAMA 1992;268:2069–73.
• Ciliers AM, Manyemba J, Saloojee HH. Anti-inflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD 00 3176.
• Genel F, Arslanoglu S, Uran N, Saylan B. Sydenham’s chorea; Clinical findings and comparison of the efficacies of sodium valproate and carbamazepine regimens. Brain Dev 2002;24:73-6.
• Karaaslan S, Demirören S, Oran B, Baysal T, Başpınar O, Uçar C. Criteria for jud- ging the improvement in subclinical rheumatic carditis. Cardiol Young 2003;13:500-5.
• Meira ZMA, Goulart EMA, Mota CCC. Comparative study of clinical and Doppler Echocardiographic evaluations of the progression of valve diseases in children and adolescents with rheumatic fever. Arq Bras Cardiol 2006;86:32-8.
• Meira ZMA, Goulart EMA, Colosimo EA, Mota CCC. Long term follow up of rheumatic fever and predictors of severe rheumatic valvular disease in Brazilian children and adolescents. Heart 2005; 91:1019-22.
• McDonald M, Brown A, Noonan S, Carapetis JR. Preventing recurrent rheumatic fever: The role of register based programmes. Heart 2005;91:1131-3.
• Thatai D, Turi ZG. Current Guidelines for the Treatment of patients with Rheumatic Fever. Drugs 1999;57:545-55.