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Ekokardiyografik Değerlendirme Kardiyak Üfürüm Duyulan Tüm Çocuklarda Gerekli midir?

Year 2015, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 189 - 194, 01.08.2015

Abstract

Amaç: Çocuklarda duyulan üfürümlerin büyük çoğunluğunun masum üfürüm olduğu gerçeğine rağmen, tüm dünyada çocuk kardiyoloji kliniklerine hasta gönderilmesinin en sık nedenini kardiyak üfürümler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada dinleme bulguları ile ekokardiyografi sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Aralık 2011 ile Haziran 2012 tarihleri arasında fizik muayenede üfürüm duyulması nedeniyle çocuk kardiyoloji kliniğine gönderilen 667 hasta duyulan üfürümler “masum” ve “patolojik” olarak ayrılarak ekokardiyografi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 5.1 yıl olan hastaların %54.6’sı erkekti. Hastaların %67.3’ünde kardiyak üfürüme eşlik eden yakınma yoktu. Hastaların %7.9’unda fizik muayenede duyulan üfürümün patolojik olduğu düşünüldü. Ekokardiyografik incelemede hastaların %58.3’ünde normal kalp bulguları saptanırken, %41.7’sinde çeşitli bulgular tespit edildi. En sık tespit edilen bulgular patent foramen ovale (PFO) (%24.9), atriyal septal defekt (ASD) (%8.4) ve pulmoner darlık (%5.7)’di. Hastaların %38.4’ünde muayenede masum üfürüm duyulmasına rağmen ekokardiyografide küçük ASD ve minör kapak hastalıkları gibi bazı bulgular saptandı. Fizik muayene sonuçları ile ekokardiyografi sonuçları istatistiksel olarak farklılıklar göstermekteydi (p<0.001). Fizyolojik mitral yetmezlik ve PFO çıkarıldıktan sonra muayene ile saptanan üfürümün ekokardiyografik bulguları ayırt etmedeki duyarlılığı %31, seçiciliği %99.2, pozitif tahmini değeri %92.5, negatif tahmini değeri %82.2 ve doğruluk oranı %83’di.Sonuç: Çalışmada üfürüm nedeniyle çocuk kardiyoloji kliniklerine gönderilen hastalarda sadece dinlemekle bazı kardiyak defektlerin atlanabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, bu hastalar ayrıca ekokardiyografi ile değerlendirilmelidir.

References

  • Park MK. Physical examination. Pediatric cardiology for practitioners. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 2007: 23-37.
  • Sapin SO. Recognizing normal heart murmurs. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 616-9.
  • Allen HD, Phillips JR, Chan DP. History and physical examination. In: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (eds). Heart Disease in Infants, Children and Adolescents. Philadelphia: Williams&Wilkins, 2008:58-66.
  • Duff DF, Mcnamara DG. History and physical examination of the cardiovascular system. In: Garson A, Bricker JT, Fisher DJ, Neish SR (eds). The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology. Baltimore: Williams& Wilkins, 1998:693-713.
  • Advani N, Menahem S, Wilkinson JL. The diagnosis of innocent murmurs in childhood. Cardiol Young 2000;10: 340-2.
  • Pelech A. Evaluation of the pediatric patient with a cardiac murmur. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:167-87.
  • Frank JE, Jacobe KM. Evaluation and management of heart murmurs in children. Am Fam Physician 2011;84:793-800.

Is Echocardiographic Evaluation Necessary for all Children with Cardiac Murmur?

Year 2015, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 189 - 194, 01.08.2015

Abstract

Objective: Despite the fact that the vast majority of murmurs heard in children are innocent, the most common cause of pediatric cardiology consultation is cardiac murmur all around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the auscultation results with the findings of echocardiography.Material and Methods: We have assessed the auscultation and echocardiography results of 667 patients referred to the pediatric cardiology clinic with a diagnosis of cardiac murmur between December 2011 and June 2012. Results: The mean age of patients was 5.1 years and 54.6% of patients were male. There was no complaint accompanying cardiac murmur in 67.3% of the patients. The murmurs were considered pathological in 7.9% of patients. Echocardiographic examination was normal in 58.3% of patients, whereas various echocardiographic findings were detected in 41.7% of the patients. The most common findings were patent foramen ovale (PFO) (24.9%), atrial septal defect (ASD) (8.4%) and pulmonary stenosis (5.7%). There were various echocardiographic findings such as small ASD or trace valvular regurgitations in 38.4% of patients, while their murmurs were considered innocent. Accordingly, the results of physical examination and echocardiography showed statistically significant differences (p <0.001). After elimination of physiological mitral regurgitation and PFO, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate of physical examination to discriminate between normal and abnormal echocardiographic findings was 31%, 99.2%, 92.5%, 82.2% and 83% respectively. conclusion: This study showed that some minor cardiac defects can be missed by auscultation in patients referred to pediatric cardiology clinics because of cardiac murmurs. Therefore, these patients should be evaluated by echocardiography

References

  • Park MK. Physical examination. Pediatric cardiology for practitioners. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 2007: 23-37.
  • Sapin SO. Recognizing normal heart murmurs. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 616-9.
  • Allen HD, Phillips JR, Chan DP. History and physical examination. In: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (eds). Heart Disease in Infants, Children and Adolescents. Philadelphia: Williams&Wilkins, 2008:58-66.
  • Duff DF, Mcnamara DG. History and physical examination of the cardiovascular system. In: Garson A, Bricker JT, Fisher DJ, Neish SR (eds). The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology. Baltimore: Williams& Wilkins, 1998:693-713.
  • Advani N, Menahem S, Wilkinson JL. The diagnosis of innocent murmurs in childhood. Cardiol Young 2000;10: 340-2.
  • Pelech A. Evaluation of the pediatric patient with a cardiac murmur. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:167-87.
  • Frank JE, Jacobe KM. Evaluation and management of heart murmurs in children. Am Fam Physician 2011;84:793-800.
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA35MZ73TG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Jale Yıldız This is me

İbrahim İlker Çetin This is me

Doğukan Aktaş This is me

Mehmet Emre Arı This is me

Abdullah Kocabaş This is me

Filiz Ekici This is me

Tülin Revide Şaylı This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2015
Submission Date August 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Yıldız J, Çetin İİ, Aktaş D, Arı ME, Kocabaş A, Ekici F, Şaylı TR. Is Echocardiographic Evaluation Necessary for all Children with Cardiac Murmur?. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2015;9(3):189-94.


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